Nginx+Python+uwsgi+Django的web开发环境安装及配置

nginx安装

nginx的安装这里就略过了…

python安装

通常系统已经自带了,这里也略过

uwsgi安装

官网 http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

安装步骤如下：

yum -y install python-devel
wget -c https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-2.0.14.tar.gz
tar zxf uwsgi-2.0.14.tar.gz
cd uwsgi-2.0.14
make
# python uwsgiconfig.py --build

报错处理

plugins/python/uwsgi_python.h:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

主要是没有安装python-devel

yum install python-devel

让Nginx支持uwsgi配置

配置uwsgi

配置说明

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html

启动uwsgi

uwsgi --ini /configs/myapp.ini
uwsgi --http-socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191
uwsgi --socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --chdir /home/foobar/myproject/ --wsgi-file myproject/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191

重新启动uwsgi

# using kill to send the signal
kill -HUP `cat /tmp/project-master.pid`
# or the convenience option --reload
uwsgi --reload /tmp/project-master.pid
# or if uwsgi was started with touch-reload=/tmp/somefile
touch /tmp/somefile

停止uwsgi

kill -INT `cat /tmp/project-master.pid`
# or for convenience...
uwsgi --stop /tmp/project-master.pid

开机启动uwsgi

/etc/rc.local中添加启动脚本,如

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --uid www-data --gid www-data --daemonize /var/log/uwsgi-emperor.log

xinted方式

关于socket,http,http-socket,uwsgi-socket的区别

socket绑定到特定的unix/tcp socket使用默认协议,如将py请求转发至后端socket接口,如nginx转发请求，可以开启该接口
可以是一个端口：如 socket = :6000,对应的nginx配置为uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:6000
也可以是一个sock文件 socket = /tmp/uwsgi.sock,对应的nginx配置为uwsgi_pass unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock;
http,绑定到特定的unix/tcp socket使用http协议,端口会暴露在外
http-socket绑定到特定的unix/tcp socket使用http协议,本地http协议，端口不会暴露在外
uwsgi-socket 绑定到特定的unix/tcp socket使用uwsgi的协议,类似socket,nginx也可转发到该选项配置的端口

可以配置开机启动,一个简单的配置/etc/init/uwsgi.conf

配置文件添加以下代码

# simple uWSGI scriptdescription "uwsgi tiny instance"
start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [06]respawnexec uwsgi --master --processes 4 --die-on-term --socket :3031 --wsgi-file /var/www/myapp.wsgi

或者使用Emperor，可以配置多个app,在/etc/uwsgi目录下添加多个配置

# Emperor uWSGI scriptdescription "uWSGI Emperor"
start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [06]respawnexec uwsgi --master --die-on-term --emperor /etc/uwsgi

nginx+uwsgi的配置实例

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html

实战nginx配置,测试用

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:6000; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  uwsgi.com;location /hi {
        alias /home/www/hi/;
}location ~* .*\.py($|/) {
# uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:6000;
uwsgi_pass django;
include uwsgi_params;
#    uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT index;
#    uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYHOME $document_root;
#    uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR  $document_root;
        }        access_log  /home/httplogs/test.com-access.log main;
        error_log  /home/httplogs/test.com-error.log;
}

实战uwsgi配置,测试用

[uwsgi]
# socket  = :6000
# http = :6000
uwsgi-socket  = :6000
# http-socket  = :6000
master = true
chdir = /home/www/
wsgi-file = /home/www/test.py
processes = 4
stats = 127.0.0.1:9090
daemonize = /home/log/log.log
pidfile = /tmp/uwsgi.pid
vacuum = true
# disable-logging = true
py-autoreload = 2

多应用部署

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Nginx.html?highlight=mount

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:3031
; mount apps
mount = /app1=app1.py
mount = /app2=app2.py
; rewrite SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO accordingly
manage-script-name = true

使用virtualenv方式