Inheritance

Often, classes will have shared characteristics with other classes.

Rewriting the same methods for each class over and over again can be pretty cumbersome, and not always necessary.

class BankTeller
  def get_paid
    # method stuff...
  end  def come_to_work
    # method stuff...
  end  def go_on_vacation!
    # method stuff...
  end  def do_bank_teller_stuff
    # method stuff...
  end
endclass LoanSpecialist
  def get_paid
    # method stuff...
  end  def come_to_work
    # method stuff...
  end  def go_on_vacation!
    # method stuff...
  end  def do_loan_specialist_stuff
    # method stuff...
  end
end

I mean, just look at these two classes! They’re nearly identical!

The only differences are thedo_bank_teller_stuff and do_loan_specialist_stuff methods.

Both of these classes have characteristics that are shared across all employees.

Being redundant like this works, but will quickly cause problems if you decide that employees should be paid bi-weekly instead of on a fixed day of the month.

You’d have to update the get_paid method for every single employee class! Right now you’ve only got two,

but what if you had 30 different roles in the company. No thank you.

Here, you can use inheritance to share traits across various classes.

class Employee
  def get_paid
    # method stuff...
  end  def come_to_work
    # method stuff...
  end  def go_on_vacation!
    # method stuff...
  end
endclass BankTeller < Employee
  def do_bank_teller_stuff
    # method stuff...
  end
endclass LoanSpecialist < Employee
  def do_loan_specialist_stuff
    # method stuff...
  end
end

You can use the < when defining these classes to indicate that LoanSpecialist and BankTellerare the children of Employee.

When this happens, they inherit all the methods of the parent class. You can continue to define new methods for the child class as you normally would.

Note that a child can only have one parent class.

This technique of inheritance is a handy way to reduce code duplication and logically separate out the concerns of your code.

Feeling Protected

We previously mentioned that in addition to the public and private keywords, there is also aprotected keyword.

private and protected are similar in many ways, with one key difference: private methods are not shared through inheritance,

whereas protected methods are shared across all children classes.