JAVA并发编程学习笔记——锁顺序死锁

一、需求描述：

　　将资金从一个账户转移到另一个账户。

二、程序实现：

（1）账户类：

public class Account {
    private long account;    public Account(String user, long account) {
        this.account = account;
    }    public Account() {
        super();
    }    public long getAccount() {
        return account;
    }    public void setAccount(long account) {
        this.account = account;
    }    public void debit(long money){
        this.account -= money;
    }    public void credit(long money){
        this.account += money;
    }
}

　　（2）资产转移类：

public class TransMoney {
    private static final Object tieLock = new Object();
    public static void transferMoney(Account fromAccount,Account toAccount,long amount){
        synchronized (fromAccount){
            synchronized (toAccount){
                fromAccount.debit(amount);
                toAccount.credit(amount);
            }
        }
    }
}

　　（3）测试类：

public class DemonstrateDeadLock {
    private static final int NUM_THREADS = 20;
    private static final int NUM_ACCOUNTS = 5;
    private static final int NUM_ITERATIONS = 1000000;    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Random rdn = new Random();
        final Account[] accounts = new Account[NUM_ACCOUNTS];        for(int i=0;i<accounts.length;i++){
            accounts[i] = new Account();
        }        class TransferThread extends Thread{
            public void run(){
                for(int i=0;i<NUM_ITERATIONS;i++){
                    int fromAccount = rdn.nextInt(NUM_ACCOUNTS);
                    int toAccount = rdn.nextInt(NUM_ACCOUNTS);                    TransMoney.transferMoney(accounts[fromAccount],accounts[toAccount],rdn.nextInt(1000));
                }
            }
        }        for(int i=0;i<NUM_THREADS;i++){
            new TransferThread().start();
        }
    }
}

　　（4）解析：

上述程序容易形成死锁，原因在于多账户调用TransMoney.transferMoney时，存在锁顺序冲突，

解决方案是使用System.identityHashCode来定义锁的顺序，消除死锁的可能性，代码实现如下：

public static void transferMoney(final Account fromAccount,final Account toAccount,final long amount){
    class Helper{
        public void transfer(){
            fromAccount.debit(amount);
            toAccount.credit(amount);
        }
    }    int fromHash = System.identityHashCode(fromAccount);
    int toHash = System.identityHashCode(toAccount);
    if(fromHash < toHash){
        synchronized (fromAccount){
            synchronized (toAccount){
                new Helper().transfer();
            }
        }
    }else if(fromHash > toHash){
        synchronized (toAccount){
            synchronized (fromAccount){
                new Helper().transfer();
            }
        }
    }else{
        synchronized (tieLock){
            synchronized (fromAccount){
                synchronized (toAccount){
                    new Helper().transfer();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}