最近涉及到python的东西比较多，抽一点时间把基础语法规整下。
1、面向对象
#coding=utf-8def _class_test_01(): s = squire(3,4) print("width %d lenth %d area is %d"
%(s.width, s.length, s.calc_area()))class squire: width = 0
length = 0 #构造函数
def __init__(self, w, l): self.width = w
self.length = l def calc_area(self):
return self.width * self.length
2、列表、字典、元组
#coding=utf-8def _container_test_01(): # 列表
l_temp = ['fredric','fed', 'other','base'] # 获取长度及切片
print("len: "
+ str(len(l_temp)) # 长度 3
+ " value 1:3 "
+ ''.join(l_temp[1:3])) # fredother # 遍历列表
for item in range(0, len(l_temp)):
print(l_temp[item]) # 出队列
print(l_temp.pop(1)) # 注意insert会替换原来的值
l_temp.insert(1, 'hi')
print(l_temp) # fredric hi other # 排序
l_temp.sort() # 根据字母排序
print(l_temp)def _container_test_02(): #元组
t_temp_01 = (1,2,3,4,5)
t_temp_02 = (6,7) # 元组的数据不允许修改，但可以拼接
t_temp_03 = t_temp_01 + t_temp_02 print("len: %d value[1]: %d max: %d min: %d"
%(len(t_temp_03), t_temp_03[1],
max(t_temp_03), min(t_temp_03)))def _container_test_03(): # 字典
d_temp = {"username":"fredric", "password":"fredricpwd", "note":"none"} print(d_temp["username"])
print(d_temp["password"])
print(d_temp["note"]) del d_temp["note"] # 遍历字典
for key in d_temp.keys():
print(key + " " + d_temp[key]) d_temp.clear() print("key len after clear: %d" %(len(d_temp.keys())))
3、文件操作
#coding=utf-8
import fileinputdef _file_test_01(): config = {} #db.cfg 中数据如下：
# host = 192.168.0.1
# db = test
# username = root
# password = root
for line in fileinput.input('./config/db.cfg'): key = line.split("=")[0].strip()
value = line.split("=")[1].strip() config.update({key:value}) # 打印保存在字典里的key/value
for key in config.keys():
print(key + " " + config[key])
4、语句流程
#coding=utf-8# 该全局变量可以被使用
status = Falsedef _flow_test_01(): v_str_01 = "abcdefg"
count = 0
global status while (count < len(v_str_01)): if v_str_01[count] == 'd': #此时修改的是全局变量status，如果没有上面局部变量的定义，则为一局部变量
status = True break elif v_str_01[count] == 'f': status = True break else:
status = False; count += 1 if True == status: print("get value: " + v_str_01[count])
5、http POST JSON数据
#coding=utf-8import http.client, urllib.parse
import json# POST请求测试，请求和返回都是JSON数据
def _http_test_01(): str = json.dumps({'username':'fredric'}) headers = {"Content-type": "application/json",
"Accept": "text/plain"} conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("127.0.0.1" ,3000) conn.request('POST', '/dopost', str, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
data = response.read().decode('utf-8') # 打印返回的JSON数据
print(json.loads(data)["res"])
print(json.loads(data)["data"]) conn.close()
6、mysql数据库操作
#coding=utf-8#采用pip install PyMysql安装
import pymysql
import sysdef _mysql_test_01(): db = pymysql.connect("localhost","root", "root", "demo") cursor = db.cursor() insert_sql = "INSERT INTO myclass(id, \
name, sex, degree) \
VALUES ('%d', '%s', '%d', '%d')" % \
(3, 'fred', 20, 2000) try:
cursor.execute(insert_sql)
db.commit()
except:
# 此处捕获异常，诸如主键重复时打印：pymysql.err.integrityerror
print("Error: insert failed:", sys.exc_info()[0])
db.rollback() select_sql = "SELECT * FROM myclass" try: cursor.execute(select_sql) results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
print ("id=%d,name=%s,sex=%d,degree=%d" %(row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3]))
except: print ("Error: select failed", sys.exc_info()[0]) db.close()
7、字符串
#coding=utf-8def _string_test_01(): v_temp = "test string value" # 首字母大写
print(v_temp.capitalize()[0]) # 部分字符串
print(v_temp[0:3]); # 循环遍历字符串
for item in range(0, len(v_temp)):
print(v_temp[item])def _string_test_02(): v_str_01 = "start"
v_str_02 = "end" v_str_list = [v_str_01, " ", v_str_02] # 字符串拼接
res = "".join(v_str_list)
print(res) # 字符串替换
print(res.replace('start', 'hello start'))def _string_test_03(): v_str_03 = "" v_int_01 = 0; # 字符串转整数，后面的8 代表8进制的整数
v_int_01 = int(v_str_03, 8) print(v_int_01 == 14)
8、线程
#coding=utf-8
import _thread
import threading
import timelock = threading.Lock()def _thread_test_01(): try:
_thread.start_new_thread( _do_thread, ("thread_01",1,))
_thread.start_new_thread( _do_thread, ("thread_02",2,))
_thread.start_new_thread( _do_thread, ("thread_03",3,)) except:
print ("Error: 无法启动线程") while 1:
passdef _do_thread(name, delay): print("start thread %s " %(name)) #获取锁
lock.acquire() time.sleep(delay) print("%s: %s" % (name, time.ctime(time.time()))) #释放锁
lock.release()
9、模块化（测试主函数）
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import test_module.t_string as t_s_module
import test_module.t_flow as t_f_module
import test_module.t_container as t_c_module
import test_module.t_file as t_f_module
import test_module.t_thread as t_t_module
import test_module.t_http as t_h_module
import test_module.t_class as t_c_module
import test_module.t_mysql as t_m_module#t_s_module._string_test_01()
#t_s_module._string_test_02()
#t_s_module._string_test_03()
#t_f_module._flow_test_01()
#print(t_f_module.status) #全局变量
#t_c_module._container_test_01()
#t_c_module._container_test_02()
#t_c_module._container_test_03()
#t_f_module._file_test_01()
#t_t_module._thread_test_01()
#t_h_module._http_test_01()
#t_c_module._class_test_01()
t_m_module._mysql_test_01()
源码文件附带如下：
http://files.cnblogs.com/files/Fredric-2013/python.rar
