3.14 wc：统计文件的行数、单词数或字节数
wc命令用于统计文件的行数、单词数或字节数。 -c 统计字节数-w 统计单词数-l 统计行数 -L 打印最长行的长度-m 统计字符数 查看文件的字节数、字数、行数等
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc /etc/inittab
17 80 511 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc /etc/inittab
17 80 511 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc -c /etc/inittab
511 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc -l /etc/inittab
17 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc -m /etc/inittab
511 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc -w /etc/inittab
80 /etc/inittab
[root@cs7-sm ~]# wc -L /etc/inittab
86 /etc/inittab
选项-L的使用
[root@cs7-sm ~]# for word in I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.;do [ `echo $word|wc -L` -le 6 ] && echo $word;done
I
am
oldboy
to
oldboy
class.
查看登录系统的用户数
[root@cs7-sm ~]# who
root pts/0 2019-05-19 16:42 (10.0.0.1)
[root@cs7-sm ~]# who|wc -l
1
3.15 iconv：转换文件的编码格式
iconv命令用于转换文件的编码格式。 iconv [options] [-f from-encoding] [-t to-encoding] [inputfile]iconv [选项] [原编码] [新编码] [输入文件] -f encodingA 从编码A转换-l 显示系统支持的编码-t encodingB 转换成编码B-o 将输出输入到指定文件
[root@cs7-sm ~]# iconv -f gb2312 -t utf-8 gb2312.txt
Hello World
3.16 dos2unix：将DOS格式文件转换成UNIX格式
将DOS（Windows系统）格式文件转换成UNIX格式（DOS/MAC to UNIX text file format converter）。DOS下的文本文件是以“\r\n”作为换行标志的，而UNIX下的文本文件是以“\n”作为换行标志的。所以在Linux中使用Windows的文本文件时，常常会出现错误。为了避免这种错误，Linux提供了两种文本格式相互转化的命令：dos2unix和unix2dos，dos2unix把Windows文件的“\r\n”转化成Linux文件的“\n”，unix2dos把Linux文件的“\n”转化成Windows文件的“\r\n”。这个命令也挺好记的，dos to unix→dos 2（two→to）unix→dos2unix 处理由Windows 系统创建的脚本文件。
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat test_win.sh
#!/bin/bashexportfs_usage()
{
cat <<END
USAGE:$0 {start|stop|monitor|status|validate-all}
END
}
exportfs_usage[root@cs7-sm ~]# bash test_win.sh
test_win.sh: line 2: $'\r': command not found
test_win.sh: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `$'\r''
'est_win.sh: line 3: `exportfs_usage()
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat -A test_win.sh
#!/bin/bash^M$
^M$
exportfs_usage()^M$
{^M$
cat <<END^M$
USAGE:$0 {start|stop|monitor|status|validate-all}^M$
END^M$
}^M$
exportfs_usage[root@cs7-sm ~]# dos2unix test_win.sh
dos2unix: converting file test_win.sh to Unix format ...
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat -A test_win.sh
#!/bin/bash$
$
exportfs_usage()$
{$
cat <<END$
USAGE:$0 {start|stop|monitor|status|validate-all}$
END$
}$
exportfs_usage[ro
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat -A test_win.sh
#!/bin/bash$
$
exportfs_usage()$
{$
cat <<END$
USAGE:$0 {start|stop|monitor|status|validate-all}$
END$
}$
exportfs_usage[root@cs7-sm ~]# ^C
[root@cs7-sm ~]# sh test_win.sh
USAGE:test_win.sh {start|stop|monitor|status|validate-all}
3.17 diff：比较两个文件的不同
diff命令可以逐行比较纯文本文件的内容，并输出文件的差异。 只能同时比较2个文件。 -y 以并列的方式显示文件的异同之处-c 使用上下文的输出格式-W 在使用-y参数时，指定显示宽度-u 使用统一格式输出
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat >test1
1
2
3
4
5
6
[root@cs7-sm ~]# cat >test2
4
5
6
7
8
[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff test1 test2
1,3d0
< 1
< 2
< 3
6a4,5
> 7
> 8
以下是命令结果说明，diff默认的显示格式有如下三种提示。a -addc -changed -delete 例如：在1,3d0和6a4,5中，字母d/a前面的数字是文本1的行号，字母后面的是文本2的行号。其中以“<”打头的行属于文件1，以“>”打头的行属于文件2。 并排格式输出
[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff -y test1 test2 #<==使用一参数就可以并排输出。
1 <
2 <
3 <
4 4
5 5
6 6
> 7
> 8[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff -y -W 30 test1 test2
1 <
2 <
3 <
4 4
5 5
6 6
> 7
> 8
上下文输出格式
[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff -c test1 test2
*** test1 2019-05-19 21:06:47.567530785 +0800
--- test2 2019-05-19 21:07:01.624530484 +0800
***************
*** 1,6 ****
- 1
- 2
- 3
4
5
6
--- 1,5 ----
4
5
6
+ 7
+ 8"-"表示test2比test1少的行数。
"+"表示test2比test1多的行数。
统一格式输出
[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff -u test1 test2
--- test1 2019-05-19 21:06:47.567530785 +0800
+++ test2 2019-05-19 21:07:01.624530484 +0800
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-1
-2
-3
4
5
6
+7
+8
比较两个目录
[root@cs7-sm ~]# diff /etc/rc3.d/ /etc/rc6.d/
Only in /etc/rc6.d/: K90network
Only in /etc/rc3.d/: S10network
3.18 vimdiff：可视化比较工具
vimdiff调用vim打开文件，可以同时打开2个、3个或4个文件，最多4个文件，并且会以不同的颜色来区分文件的差异。最多对比4个文件。<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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3.19 rev：反向输出文件内容
rev命令可以按行反向输出文件内容。字符串反转
[root@cs7-sm ~]# echo {1..10}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[root@cs7-sm ~]# echo {1..10}|rev
01 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
文本反转
[root@cs7-sm ~]# rev gb2312.txt
界世好你
！ dlroW olleH
