Django ORM操作
1. 字段操作
class User(model.Model);
u=字段
用处：
1 .admin中的字段验证
2. obj.clean_fields() 进行自定义的验证
3. 利用Djanfo Form进行验证，此时前台和后台的操作分开
但form和model里的字段重复【推荐使用】
ModelForm组件验证
name
email
model组件操作数据
name
email
4. 利用ModelForm实现models的字段验证【Admin就是基于此验证的】
2个文件直接的依赖性太强，适合小项目【不推荐使用】
ModelForm组件验证
直接采用model里面的字段
model组件操作数据
name
email
2. 内容操作
案例操作
字段用处1. admin中的字段验证，仅仅用于单表
settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'app01', # 注册app
]
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics"),) # 现添加的配置,这里是元组，注意逗号
TEMPLATES = [
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
]
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import models
# Register your models here.# 添加信息到Django Admin
admin.site.register(models.Test)
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
页面显示；
初始化数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
创建admin用户
python manage.py createsuperuser
字段用处2. obj.clean_fields() 进行自定义的验证
settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'app01', # 注册app
]
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics"),) # 现添加的配置,这里是元组，注意逗号
TEMPLATES = [
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
]
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
# 测试
url(r'^test.html', views.test),
]
models.py
from django.db import models
class Test(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
email = models.EmailField()
models.py
from django.db import models
class Test(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
email = models.EmailField()
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
# 测试
def test(request):
# 实例化一个对象
obj = models.Test(username='root', email='hhhlive.com')
# model进行参数的校验
obj.clean_fields()
obj.save() # 数据进行保存
return HttpResponse("test")
页面显示；
用处4： 基于ModelForm实现Django Admin字段添加[不更改数据库]
settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'app01', # 注册app
]
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics"),) # 现添加的配置,这里是元组，注意逗号
TEMPLATES = [
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
]
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
model.py
from django.db import models
class Test(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
email = models.EmailField()
admin.py
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
class TestForm(forms.ModelForm): # ModelForm和Form一样均继承了Model
username = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'})
email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'invalid': '邮箱格式错误'})
age = forms.IntegerField(error_messages={"required": '请输入数字'})
class Meta:
models = models.Test
# fields = ('username',)
fields = '__all__' # 将model里面Test的全部字段倒给TestForm,此时具有验证功能
# 添加信息到Django Admin
# 此时Django Admin 里面有5个字段， Test的2个 + TestForm的3个
admin.site.register(models.Test, TestForm)
