函数模板:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;template <typename T>
T max(const T &lhs, const T &rhs)
{
return lhs > rhs ? lhs : rhs;
}template <typename T,class U>//在模板参数列表中,typename和class没有区别
T min(const T &lhs, const U &rhs)
{
return lhs > rhs ? rhs : lhs;
}//非类型函数模板
template<unsigned N, unsigned M>
int compare(const char(&p1)[N], const char(&p2)[M])
{
return strcmp(p1, p2);
}//可变参函数模板 函数模板重载
template <typename T>
void print(const T &t)
{
cout << t;
}template <typename T, typename... Args>
void print(const T &t, const Args&... rest)
{
cout << t << ",";
print(rest...);
}int main()
{
cout << max<int>(, ) << endl;
cout << max<double>(3.1, 4.2) << endl; cout << min<int, char>(, 'a') << endl; cout << compare("ab", "a"); print("a", , 1.23); system("pause");
return ;
}
类模板:
#pragma once
#ifndef _COMPLEXNUMBER_
#define _COMPLEXNUMBER_#include <iostream>
using namespace std; template <typename T> class complexNum; //前置声明
template <typename T> void printCom(complexNum<T> &obj);template <typename T>
class complexNum
{
friend ostream& operator<< <T>(ostream &out, complexNum<T> &rhs);
friend istream& operator>><T>(istream &in, complexNum<T> &rhs);
friend void printCom<T>(complexNum<T> &obj);public:
complexNum(int real = , int image = );
complexNum(const complexNum<T> &obj);public:
complexNum<T>& operator=(const complexNum<T> &rhs); complexNum<T> operator+(const complexNum<T> &rhs); complexNum<T>& operator++(void); //前置++
complexNum<T> operator++(int); //后置++
complexNum<T>& operator+=(const complexNum &rhs);
bool operator>(const complexNum<T> &rhs);private:
T real;
T image;
};#endif
#include "complexNumber.h"template <typename T>
complexNum<T>::complexNum(int real, int image) :real(real), image(image){}template <typename T>
complexNum<T>::complexNum(const complexNum &obj) : real(obj.real), image(obj.image){}template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, complexNum<T> &rhs)
{
out << rhs.real; if (rhs.image >= )
out << "+"; out << rhs.image << "i" << std::endl; return out;
}template <typename T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, complexNum<T> &rhs)
{
return in >> rhs.real >> rhs.image;
}template <typename T>
void printCom(complexNum<T> &obj)
{
operator<<(cout, obj);
}template <typename T>
complexNum<T>& complexNum<T>::operator=(const complexNum<T> &rhs)
{
this->real = rhs.real;
this->image = rhs.image; return *this;
}template <typename T>
complexNum<T> complexNum<T>::operator+(const complexNum<T> &rhs)
{
complexNum tmp; tmp.real = this->real + rhs.real;
tmp.image = this->image + rhs.image; return tmp;
}template <typename T>
complexNum<T>& complexNum<T>::operator++(void)
{
this->real++;
this->image++; return *this;
}template <typename T>
complexNum<T> complexNum<T>::operator++(int)
{
complexNum tmp = *this; this->real++;
this->image++; return tmp;
}template <typename T>
complexNum<T>& complexNum<T>::operator+=(const complexNum &rhs)
{
this->operator+(rhs); return *this;
}template <typename T>
bool complexNum<T>::operator>(const complexNum<T> &rhs)
{
if (this->real > rhs.real)
return true;
else if (this->real < rhs.real)
return false;
else
{
if (this->image > rhs.image)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
#include <iostream>
#include "complexNumber.hpp" //需包含.hpp文件而不是.h文件int main()
{
complexNum<int> c1(, );
cout << c1;
printCom(c1); system("pause");
return ;
}