创建Windows服务(C++)

这次我们来创建一个windows本地服务，需要有以下功能：

安装服务。
卸载服务。
手动启动服务。
开机自动启动服务。
控制服务（停止、暂停、恢复、启动）。

服务概念及介绍

看下图，一切尽在不言中了（-_-）:

安装服务并开机启动

代码逻辑：打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 创建服务。
在CreateService调用中，我们传入SERVICE_AUTO_START里表明这个服务是开启自启动的，SCM会在开机时调用StartService来启动我们的服务；同时我们传入NULL作为服务开始名称，这样该服务就可以开机启动为系统服务。在调用installService后，我们会调用startService来手动启动服务。

这里我用SAFE_CALL简化了错误处理逻辑。

wstring getExeFullFilename()
{
    static wchar_t buffer[1024];    SAFE_CALL(GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, buffer, 1024), 0);
    return wstring(buffer);
}void installService()
{
    auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);
    SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);    auto serviceHandle = CreateServiceW(scmHandle,
                                        L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                        L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,
                                        SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
                                        SERVICE_AUTO_START,
                                        SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
                                        getExeFullFilename().c_str(),
                                        NULL, NULL, L"", NULL, L"");
    SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);    CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
    CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
}void startService()
{
    auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);    auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(scmHandle,
                                        L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);    SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
    SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
    if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START &&
        serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
        return;    SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);    CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
    CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
}#define SAFE_CALL(FuncCall, ErrorCode)                              \
    if (FuncCall == ErrorCode) {                        \
        cout << #FuncCall " error, code:" << GetLastError()         \
            << " ,line:" << \__LINE__ << "\n";                 \
        exit(-1);                        \
    }

卸载服务

代码逻辑：打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 打开服务 -> 停止服务（如果正在运行） -> 删除服务。

void uninstallService()
{
    auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);    auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(scmHandle,
                                        L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);    SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
    SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
    if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) {
        SAFE_CALL(ControlService(serviceHandle, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &serviceStatus), 0);
        SAFE_CALL(serviceStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR);        do {
            SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
            Sleep(1000);
        } while (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED);
    }    SAFE_CALL(DeleteService(serviceHandle), FALSE);    CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
    CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
}

手动启动服务

代码逻辑：打开SCM -> 打开服务 -> 启动服务。

void startService()
{
    auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);    auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(scmHandle,
                                        L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
    SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);    SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
    SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
    if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START &&
        serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
        return;    SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);    CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
    CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
}

运行服务（服务启动时会运行服务）、服务控制处理

代码逻辑：启动分发器（连接到SCM） -> 注册服务控制处理器 -> 在控制处理器中对服务控制进行处理（通过SetServiceStatus反馈服务状态和设置接受的控制）。

void runService()
{
    const SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRYW serviceTable[] = {
        { L"", ServiceMain },
        { NULL, NULL }
    };    SAFE_CALL(StartServiceCtrlDispatcherW(&serviceTable[0]), 0);
}SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE g_serviceStatusHandle = NULL;void setServiceStatus(DWORD status)
{
    SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
    serviceStatus.dwServiceType              = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
    serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode            = NO_ERROR;
    serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode  = 0;
    serviceStatus.dwWaitHint                 = 2000;
    serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint               = 0;
    serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted         =  SERVICE_ACCEPT_PAUSE_CONTINUE |
                                                SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN |
                                                SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;    serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = status;
    SAFE_CALL(SetServiceStatus(g_serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
}VOID WINAPI ServiceHandler(DWORD controlCode)
{
    switch (controlCode)
    {
        case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
            setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);    break;
        case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
                                                        break;
        case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
            setServiceStatus(SERVICE_PAUSED);           break;
        case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
            setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
        case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
            setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}VOID WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPWSTR *argv)
{
    g_serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW(L"lgxZJ::Service", &ServiceHandler);
    if (g_serviceStatusHandle == 0)
    {
        cout << "RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW error, code:" << GetLastError()
            << " ,line:" << __LINE__ << "\n";
        exit(-1);
    }    setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
    setServiceStatus(SERVICE_RUNNING);
}

完整代码

生成的exe需要以管理员权限启动，完整代码见此处。