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ElasticSearch（四）：基本搜索

技术 2022年11月19日
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ElasticSearch（四）：基本搜索

学习课程链接《Elasticsearch核心技术与实战》

## URI Search
使用HTTP的GET方法，在URL中使用查询参数进行查询。
“`
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
{
“profile”:”true”
}
“`
* `q`指定查询语句，使用`Query String Syntax`
* `df`默认字段，若不指定，会对所有字段进行查询
* `sort`用于排序
* `from`、`size`用于分页
* `profile`用于展示查询是如何被执行的

#基本查询
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
#基本查询返回结果
{
  "took" : 50,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "105254",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "105254",
          "genre" : [
            "Adventure",
            "Comedy"
          ],
          "title" : "Crystal Fairy & the Magical Cactus and 2012",
          "year" : 2013,
          "@version" : "1"
        },
        "sort" : [
          2013
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "72378",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "72378",
          "genre" : [
            "Action",
            "Drama",
            "Sci-Fi",
            "Thriller"
          ],
          "title" : "2012",
          "year" : 2009,
          "@version" : "1"
        },
        "sort" : [
          2009
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
#带profile
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
"profile":"true"
}
#指定字段q=title:2012等价于q=2012&df=title
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
{
"profile":"true"
}
#带profile返回结果
{
  "took" : 14,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 11.303033,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "72378",
        "_score" : 11.303033,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "72378",
          "genre" : [
            "Action",
            "Drama",
            "Sci-Fi",
            "Thriller"
          ],
          "title" : "2012",#只查询title中的2012
          "year" : 2009,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "105254",
        "_score" : 5.2497,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "105254",
          "genre" : [
            "Adventure",
            "Comedy"
          ],
          "title" : "Crystal Fairy & the Magical Cactus and 2012",
          "year" : 2013,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[u-4S1mfbQiuA1Bqe-wfPJQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "TermQuery",
                "description" : "title:2012",
                "time_in_nanos" : 1105745,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 0,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 7966,
                  "match" : 0,
                  "next_doc_count" : 4,
                  "score_count" : 2,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 0,
                  "advance_count" : 0,
                  "score" : 133876,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 9,
                  "create_weight" : 187971,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 775916
                }
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 4990,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "CancellableCollector",
                "reason" : "search_cancelled",
                "time_in_nanos" : 574426,
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                    "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 158099
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
#泛查询，正对_all,所有字段，查询所有字段中的2012
GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
"profile":"true"
}
#使用引号，Phrase查询，还要求前后顺序保持一致，"Beautiful Mind"等效于Beautiful AND Mind
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Beautiful Mind"
{
"profile":"true"
}
#Phrase查询返回结果
{
  "took" : 16,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 13.68748,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4995",
        "_score" : 13.68748,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "4995",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Mind, A", #查询条件
          "year" : 2001,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[u-4S1mfbQiuA1Bqe-wfPJQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "PhraseQuery", #查询类型为PhraseQuery
                "description" : """title:"beautiful mind"""",
                "time_in_nanos" : 10670089,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 1,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 28250,
                  "match" : 27343,
                  "next_doc_count" : 3,
                  "score_count" : 1,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 0,
                  "advance_count" : 0,
                  "score" : 9171,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 9,
                  "create_weight" : 7583491,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 3021819
                }
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 7818,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "CancellableCollector",
                "reason" : "search_cancelled",
                "time_in_nanos" : 39950,
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                    "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 25137
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
# Term查询为泛查询，(Beautiful Mind)等效于Beautiful OR Mind
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
{
  "took" : 10,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 20,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 13.687479,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4995",
        "_score" : 13.687479,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "4995",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Mind, A",
          "year" : 2001,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3912",
        "_score" : 8.723258,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "3912",
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy",
            "Drama"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful",
          "year" : 2000,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "47404",
        "_score" : 8.576847,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "47404",
          "genre" : [
            "Adventure",
            "Animation",
            "Comedy",
            "Fantasy",
            "Romance",
            "Sci-Fi"
          ],
          "title" : "Mind Game",
          "year" : 2004,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1046",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "1046",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Thing",
          "year" : 1996,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3302",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "3302",
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful People",
          "year" : 1999,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4242",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "4242",
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy",
            "Crime",
            "Drama",
            "Thriller"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Creatures",
          "year" : 2000,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4372",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "4372",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Crazy/Beautiful",
          "year" : 2001,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "94",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "94",
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy",
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Girls",
          "year" : 1996,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "90353",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "90353",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Boy",
          "year" : 2010,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "100487",
        "_score" : 7.317063,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "100487",
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Fantasy",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "title" : "Beautiful Creatures",
          "year" : 2013,
          "@version" : "1"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[u-4S1mfbQiuA1Bqe-wfPJQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "BooleanQuery",
                "description" : "title:beautiful title:mind",
                "time_in_nanos" : 963305,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 6,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 133259,
                  "match" : 2086,
                  "next_doc_count" : 27,
                  "score_count" : 20,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 0,
                  "advance_count" : 0,
                  "score" : 32590,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 14,
                  "create_weight" : 401324,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 393978
                },
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:beautiful",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 492649,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 49055,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 15,
                      "score_count" : 16,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 6,
                      "compute_max_score" : 85498,
                      "advance" : 6172,
                      "advance_count" : 6,
                      "score" : 20213,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 17,
                      "create_weight" : 255976,
                      "shallow_advance" : 4730,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 70938
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:mind",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 187326,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 2447,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 4,
                      "score_count" : 5,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 6,
                      "compute_max_score" : 11373,
                      "advance" : 4506,
                      "advance_count" : 5,
                      "score" : 5483,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 15,
                      "create_weight" : 120204,
                      "shallow_advance" : 3324,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 39947
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 16452,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "CancellableCollector",
                "reason" : "search_cancelled",
                "time_in_nanos" : 85953,
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                    "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 60755
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
#布尔操作符
# 必须包括Beautiful 和 Mind
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful AND Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 必须包括Beautiful 但不能包括 Mind
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful NOT Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
#‘%2B’即为‘+’号表示必须包括包括 Mind
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful %2BMind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
#范围查询 ,区间写法年份在2002~2018
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautiful AND year:[2002 TO 2018]
{
"profile":"true"
}
#通配符查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:b*
{
"profile":"true"
}
#模糊匹配&近似度匹配
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautifl~1
{
"profile":"true"
}
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Lord Rings"~2
{
"profile":"true"
}

## Request Body Search
使用Elasticsearch提供的，基于JSON格式的更加完备的Query Domain Specific Language (DSL)

#query查询
#ignore_unavailable=true，可以忽略尝试访问不存在的索引“404_idx”导致的报错
POST /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
{
  "profile": true,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}#查询movies分页
POST /movies/_search
{
  "from":10,
  "size":20,
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}#对日期排序
POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "sort":[{"order_date":"desc"}],
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }}#_source 过滤显示的字段
POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "_source":["order_date"],#返回结果只显示"order_date"
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}#脚本字段
GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "script_fields": {
    "new_field": {
      "script": {
        "lang": "painless",
        "source": "doc['order_date'].value+'hello'"
      }
    }
  },
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}#match查询，last  OR christmas
POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "last christmas"
    }
  }
}#match查询，last  AND christmas
POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "last christmas",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}#match_phrase查询，one AND love，且顺序不能乱
POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "title":{
        "query": "one love"#不可以查出 "title" : "One I Love, The",      }
    }
  }
}#match_phrase查询，slop在one love中间插入指定数量单词
POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "title":{
        "query": "one love",#可以查出 "title" : "One I Love, The",
        "slop": 1      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"Ruan Yiming",
  "about":"java, golang, node, swift, elasticsearch"
}PUT /users/_doc/2
{
  "name":"Li Yiming",
  "about":"Hadoop"
}#query_string查询
POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "name",
      "query": "Ruan AND Yiming"
    }
  }
}#query_string查询
POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "fields":["name","about"],
      "query": "(Ruan AND Yiming) OR (Java AND Elasticsearch)"
    }
  }
}#Simple Query 类似query_string查询，但会忽略错误的语法，同时只支持部分查询语法；默认的operator是 Or，可以指定；不支持AND OR NOT，会当字符串处理；支持部分逻辑+替代AND，|替代OR，-替代NOT
POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Ruan AND Yiming",
      "fields": ["name"]
    }
  }
}#Simple Query
POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Ruan Yiming",
      "fields": ["name"],
      "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}GET /movies/_search
{
"profile": true,
"query":{
"query_string":{
"default_field": "title",
"query": "Beafiful AND Mind"
}
}
}# 多fields
GET /movies/_search
{
"profile": true,
"query":{
"query_string":{
"fields":[
"title",
"year"
],
"query": "2012"
}
}
}GET /movies/_search
{
"profile":true,
"query":{
"simple_query_string":{
"query":"Beautiful +mind",
"fields":["title"]
}
}
}
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日期：2022-11-24 点赞：671 阅读：4,901
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