QProgressBar 进度条+QSplashScreen 启动界面
知识点：
1、进度条
#将进度条的最大值、最小值设置为相同时，产生跑马灯效果
self.progressBar.setMinimum(0)
self.progressBar.setMaximum(0)
一些关于进度条的补充知识点：
Qt提供了两种显示进度条的方式，一种是QProgressBar，另一种是QProgressDialog，QProgressBar类提供了种横向或纵向显示进度条的控件表示方式，用来描述任务的完成情况。QProgressDialog类提供了一种针对慢速过程的进度对话框表示方式，用于描述任务完成的进度情况。标准的进度条对话框包括一个进度显示条，一个取消按钮以及一个标签。QProgressBar有几个重要的属性值，minimum,maximum决定进度条提示的最小值和最大值，format决定进度条显示文字的格式，可以有3种显示格式：%p%,%v,%m。%p%显示完成的百分比，这是默认显示方式；%v显示当前的进度值；%m显示总的步进值。invertedAppearance属性可以让进度条以反方向显示进度。QProgressDialog也有几个重要的属性值，决定了进度条对话框何时出现，出现多长时间，分别是minimum,maximum和minimumDuration。minimum和maximum分别表示进度条的最小值和最大值，决定了进度条的变化范围，minimumDuration为进度条对话框出现前的等待时间。系统根据所需完成的工作量估算一个预计花费的时间，若大于设定的等待时间minimumDuration，则出现进度条对话框；若小于设定的等待时间，则不出现进度条对话框。进度条使用了一个步进值的概念，即一时设置好进度条的最大值和最小值，进度条将会显示完成的步进值占总的步进值的百分比，百分比的计算公式为：百分比=(value()-minimum())/(maximum()-minimum())
Qt进度条
本例具体实现代码如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
import sys QTextCodec.setCodecForTr(QTextCodec.codecForName("utf8")) class Progess(QDialog):
def __init__(self,parent=None):
super(Progess,self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle(self.tr("使用进度条"))
numLabel=QLabel(self.tr("文件数目"))
self.numLineEdit=QLineEdit("")
typeLabel=QLabel(self.tr("显示类型"))
self.typeComboBox=QComboBox()
self.typeComboBox.addItem(self.tr("进度条"))
self.typeComboBox.addItem(self.tr("进度对话框")) self.progressBar=QProgressBar() startPushButton=QPushButton(self.tr("开始")) layout=QGridLayout()
layout.addWidget(numLabel,0,0)
layout.addWidget(self.numLineEdit,0,1)
layout.addWidget(typeLabel,1,0)
layout.addWidget(self.typeComboBox,1,1)
layout.addWidget(self.progressBar,2,0,1,2)
layout.addWidget(startPushButton,3,1)
layout.setMargin(15)
layout.setSpacing(10) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(startPushButton,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.slotStart) def slotStart(self):
num=int(self.numLineEdit.text()) if self.typeComboBox.currentIndex()==0:
self.progressBar.setMinimum(0)
self.progressBar.setMaximum(num) for i in range(num):
self.progressBar.setValue(i)
QThread.msleep(100) elif self.typeComboBox.currentIndex()==1:
progressDialog=QProgressDialog(self)
progressDialog.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
progressDialog.setMinimumDuration(5)
progressDialog.setWindowTitle(self.tr("请等待"))
progressDialog.setLabelText(self.tr("拷贝..."))
progressDialog.setCancelButtonText(self.tr("取消"))
progressDialog.setRange(0,num) for i in range(num):
progressDialog.setValue(i)
QThread.msleep(100)
if progressDialog.wasCanceled():
return app=QApplication(sys.argv)
progess=Progess()
progess.show()
app.exec_()
案例代码
案例解析：
第38行获得当前需要复制的文件数目，这里对应进度条的总的步进值。第40-46行采用进度条的方式显示进度。第41，42行设置进度条的步进范围从0到需要复制的文件数目。第45，46行模拟每一个文件的复制过程，这里通过QThread.msleep(100)来模拟，在实际中使用文件复制过程来替换，进度条的总的步进值为需要复制的文件数目，当复制完成一个文件后，步进值增加1。第48-61行采用进度对话框的方式显示进度。第49行创建一个进度对话框。第50行设置进度对话框采用模态方式进行显示，即显示进度的同时，其他窗口将不响应输入信号。第51 行设置进度对话框出现等待时间，此处设定为5秒，默认为4秒。第52-54行设置进度对话框的窗体标题，显示文字信息以及取消按钮的显示文字。第55行设置进度对话框的步进范围。第57-61行模拟每一个文件复制过程，这里通过QThread.msleep(100)进行模拟，在实际中使用文件复制过程来替换，进度条的总的步进值为需要复制的文件数目，当复制完一个文件后，步进值增加1，这里需要使用processEvents()来正常响应事件循环，以确保应用程序不会出现阻塞。第60，61行检测“取消”按钮是否被触发，若触发则退出循环并关闭进度对话框，在实际应用中，此处还需进行相关的清理工作。进度对话框的使用有两种方法，即模态方式与非模态方式。本实例中使用的是模态方式，模态方式的使用比较简单方便，但必须使用processEvents来使事件循环保持正常进行状态，从而确保应用不会阻塞。若使用非模态方式，则需要通过QTime来实现定时设置进度条的值。
案例代码解释
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgetsclass Ui_windows2(object):
def setupUi(self, windows2):
windows2.setObjectName("windows2")
windows2.resize(830, 562)
windows2.setSizeGripEnabled(True)
self.widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(windows2)
self.widget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 20, 701, 171))
self.widget.setObjectName("widget")
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.widget)
self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.widget)
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setPointSize(14)
font.setBold(True)
font.setWeight(75)
self.label.setFont(font)
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.label, 0, QtCore.Qt.AlignHCenter)
self.progressBar = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget)
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setBold(False)
font.setWeight(50)
self.progressBar.setFont(font)
self.progressBar.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor))
self.progressBar.setMouseTracking(False)
self.progressBar.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.TabFocus)
self.progressBar.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu)
self.progressBar.setToolTip("")
self.progressBar.setToolTipDuration(-1)
self.progressBar.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.LeftToRight)
self.progressBar.setAutoFillBackground(False)
self.progressBar.setProperty("value", 0)
self.progressBar.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.progressBar.setTextVisible(True)
self.progressBar.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.progressBar.setInvertedAppearance(False)
self.progressBar.setObjectName("progressBar")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.progressBar)
self.frame = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.widget)
self.frame.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
self.frame.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
self.frame.setObjectName("frame")
self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.frame)
self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem)
self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame)
self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem1)
self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame)
self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
spacerItem2 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem2)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.frame)
self.widget_2 = QtWidgets.QWidget(windows2)
self.widget_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(520, 230, 301, 161))
self.widget_2.setObjectName("widget_2")
self.verticalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.widget_2)
self.verticalLayout_2.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName("verticalLayout_2")
self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.widget_2)
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setPointSize(14)
font.setBold(True)
font.setWeight(75)
self.label_2.setFont(font)
self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2, 0, QtCore.Qt.AlignHCenter)
self.progressBar_2 = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget_2)
self.progressBar_2.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.RightToLeft)
self.progressBar_2.setAutoFillBackground(True)
self.progressBar_2.setProperty("value", 0)
self.progressBar_2.setObjectName("progressBar_2")
self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.progressBar_2)
self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.widget_2)
self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2")
self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.frame_2)
self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
spacerItem3 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem3)
self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame_2)
self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_3)
spacerItem4 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem4)
self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame_2)
self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.pushButton_4)
spacerItem5 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem5)
self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.frame_2)
self.widget_3 = QtWidgets.QWidget(windows2)
self.widget_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 190, 491, 351))
self.widget_3.setObjectName("widget_3")
self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.widget_3)
self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 150, 192, 19))
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setPointSize(14)
font.setBold(True)
font.setWeight(75)
self.label_3.setFont(font)
self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
self.frame_3 = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.widget_3)
self.frame_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 180, 314, 43))
self.frame_3.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
self.frame_3.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
self.frame_3.setObjectName("frame_3")
self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.frame_3)
self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
spacerItem6 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem6)
self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame_3)
self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_5)
spacerItem7 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem7)
self.pushButton_6 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame_3)
self.pushButton_6.setObjectName("pushButton_6")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_6)
spacerItem8 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.horizontalLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem8)
self.progressBar_4 = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget_3)
self.progressBar_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 330, 471, 20))
self.progressBar_4.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_4.setProperty("value", 0)
self.progressBar_4.setTextVisible(False)
self.progressBar_4.setInvertedAppearance(True)
self.progressBar_4.setObjectName("progressBar_4")
self.progressBar_5 = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget_3)
self.progressBar_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 20, 471, 20))
self.progressBar_5.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_5.setProperty("value", -1)
self.progressBar_5.setTextVisible(False)
self.progressBar_5.setObjectName("progressBar_5")
self.progressBar_6 = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget_3)
self.progressBar_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(9, 40, 21, 291))
self.progressBar_6.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.LeftToRight)
self.progressBar_6.setAutoFillBackground(False)
self.progressBar_6.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_6.setProperty("value", -1)
self.progressBar_6.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.progressBar_6.setTextVisible(True)
self.progressBar_6.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
self.progressBar_6.setInvertedAppearance(False)
self.progressBar_6.setTextDirection(QtWidgets.QProgressBar.TopToBottom)
self.progressBar_6.setObjectName("progressBar_6")
self.progressBar_7 = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(self.widget_3)
self.progressBar_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(460, 40, 21, 291))
self.progressBar_7.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.LeftToRight)
self.progressBar_7.setAutoFillBackground(False)
self.progressBar_7.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_7.setProperty("value", 0)
self.progressBar_7.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignLeading|QtCore.Qt.AlignLeft|QtCore.Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.progressBar_7.setTextVisible(False)
self.progressBar_7.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
self.progressBar_7.setInvertedAppearance(True)
self.progressBar_7.setTextDirection(QtWidgets.QProgressBar.TopToBottom)
self.progressBar_7.setObjectName("progressBar_7") self.retranslateUi(windows2)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(windows2) def retranslateUi(self, windows2):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
windows2.setWindowTitle(_translate("windows2", "Dialog"))
self.label.setText(_translate("windows2", "第一种QProgressBar"))
self.progressBar.setFormat(_translate("windows2", "%p"))
self.pushButton.setText(_translate("windows2", "开始"))
self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("windows2", "停止"))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("windows2", "第二种QProgressBar"))
self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("windows2", "开始"))
self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("windows2", "暂停"))
self.label_3.setText(_translate("windows2", "第三种QProgressBar"))
self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("windows2", "开始"))
self.pushButton_6.setText(_translate("windows2", "暂停"))if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
windows2 = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui = Ui_windows2()
ui.setupUi(windows2)
windows2.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
UI文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot, QBasicTimer,Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog,QSplashScreen
from Ui_processbar1 import Ui_windows2class windows2(QDialog, Ui_windows2): def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(windows2, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
# 创建一个定时器对象，默认开始为0
self.timer = QBasicTimer()
self.step = 0 @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_clicked(self):
if self.timer.isActive():
self.timer.stop()
self.pushButton.setText('开始')
else:
self.timer.start(100, self)
self.pushButton.setText('暂停') def timerEvent(self, event):
if self.step >= 100:
self.timer.stop()
return
self.step = self.step + 1
self.progressBar.setValue(self.step) @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_2_clicked(self):
self.timer.stop()
self.progressBar.setValue(0) @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_3_clicked(self):
for i in range(100):
self.progressBar_2.setValue(i)
time.sleep(0.1) @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_4_clicked(self):
self.progressBar_2.setValue(0) @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_5_clicked(self):
self.progressBar_5.setMaximum(0)
self.progressBar_7.setMaximum(0)
self.progressBar_4.setMaximum(0)
self.progressBar_6.setMaximum(0) @pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_6_clicked(self):
self.progressBar_4.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_5.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_6.setMaximum(1)
self.progressBar_7.setMaximum(1)if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys, time,PyQt5
app = PyQt5.QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
#定义QSplashScreen 插入启动页背景图
splash = QSplashScreen(PyQt5.QtGui.QPixmap("splash.jpg"))
splash.show()
#定义字体格式
font = PyQt5.QtGui.QFont()
font.setPointSize(16)
font.setBold(True)
font.setWeight(75)
splash.setFont(font)
splash.showMessage("正在加载。。。",Qt.AlignCenter,Qt.red,)
time.sleep(1)
splash.showMessage("渲染图片。。。", Qt.AlignCenter, Qt.red)
time.sleep(1)
# 设置进程，启动加载页面时可以进行其他操作而不会卡死
app.processEvents()
ui = windows2()
ui.show()
# 结束启动页
splash.finish(ui)
sys.exit(app.exec_())
