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技术 2022年11月21日
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网络上大部分是powermock 的用法,

PowerMock有两个重要的注解:

–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)

–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })

但是powermockito @PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class }) 是在使用时 每个test case 方法中按需添加的。 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)  必须添加到类名头。

摘自:

http://blog.csdn.net/knighttools/article/details/44630975

一、为什么要使用Mock工具

在做单元测试的时候,我们会发现我们要测试的方法会引用很多外部依赖的对象,比如:(发送邮件,网络通讯,远程服务, 文件系统等等)。 而我们没法控制这些外部依赖的对象,为了解决这个问题,我们就需要用到Mock工具来模拟这些外部依赖的对象,来完成单元测试。

 二、为什么要使用PowerMock

现如今比较流行的Mock工具如jMockEasyMock 、Mockito等都有一个共同的缺点:不能mock静态、final、私有方法等。而PowerMock能够完美的弥补以上三个Mock工具的不足。

三、PowerMock简介

PowerMock是一个扩展了其它如EasyMock等mock框架的、功能更加强大的框架。PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操作来模拟静态方法,构造函数,final类和方法,私有方法,去除静态初始化器等等。通过使用自定义的类加载器,简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不需要做任何改变。熟悉PowerMock支持的mock框架的开发人员会发现PowerMock很容易使用,因为对于静态方法和构造器来说,整个的期望API是一样的。PowerMock旨在用少量的方法和注解扩展现有的API来实现额外的功能。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。

四、PowerMock入门

PowerMock有两个重要的注解:

–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)

–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })

如果你的测试用例里没有使用注解@PrepareForTest,那么可以不用加注解@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class),反之亦然。当你需要使用PowerMock强大功能(Mock静态、final、私有方法等)的时候,就需要加注解@PrepareForTest。

五、PowerMock基本用法

(1) 普通Mock: Mock参数传递的对象

测试目标代码:

1 public boolean callArgumentInstance(File file) {
2  
3      return file.exists();
4  
5 }

测试用例代码:

01 @Test 
02 public void testCallArgumentInstance() {
03   
04     File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
05  
06     ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
07    
08     PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true);
09   
10     Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callArgumentInstance(file)); 
11 }

说明:普通Mock不需要加@RunWith和@PrepareForTest注解。

(2)  Mock方法内部new出来的对象

测试目标代码:

01 public class ClassUnderTest {
02  
03     public boolean callInternalInstance(String path) { 
04  
05         File file = new File(path); 
06  
07         return file.exists(); 
08  
09     
10 }

测试用例代码:

01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class
02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
03  
04     @Test 
05     @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class
06     public void testCallInternalInstance() throws Exception { 
07  
08         File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
09  
10         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
11  
12         PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("bbb").thenReturn(file); 
13          
14         PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); 
15  
16         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callInternalInstance("bbb")); 
17     
18 }

说明:当使用PowerMockito.whenNew方法时,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是需要mock的new对象代码所在的类。

(3) Mock普通对象的final方法

测试目标代码:

1 public class ClassUnderTest {
2  
3     public boolean callFinalMethod(ClassDependency refer) { 
4  
5         return refer.isAlive(); 
6  
7     
8 }
01 public class ClassDependency {
02      
03     public final boolean isAlive() {
04  
05         // do something 
06  
07         return false
08  
09     
10 }

测试用例代码:

01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class
02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
03  
04     @Test 
05     @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class
06     public void testCallFinalMethod() {
07  
08         ClassDependency depencency =  PowerMockito.mock(ClassDependency.class);
09   
10         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
11   
12         PowerMockito.when(depencency.isAlive()).thenReturn(true);
13   
14         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callFinalMethod(depencency));
15   
16     }
17 }

说明: 当需要mock final方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是final方法所在的类。

(4) Mock普通类的静态方法

测试目标代码:

1 public class ClassUnderTest {
2  
3     public boolean callStaticMethod() {
4   
5         return ClassDependency.isExist(); 
6  
7     }  
8 }
01 public class ClassDependency {
02     
03     public static boolean isExist() {
04  
05         // do something 
06  
07         return false
08  
09     
10 }

测试用例代码:

01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class
02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
03  
04     @Test 
05     @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class
06     public void testCallStaticMethod() {
07   
08         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
09   
10         PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassDependency.class); 
11  
12         PowerMockito.when(ClassDependency.isExist()).thenReturn(true);
13   
14         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callStaticMethod());
15   
16     }
17 }

说明:当需要mock静态方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是静态方法所在的类。

(5) Mock 私有方法

测试目标代码:

01 public class ClassUnderTest {
02  
03     public boolean callPrivateMethod() { 
04  
05         return isExist(); 
06  
07     }       
08  
09     private boolean isExist() {
10    
11         return false
12  
13     }
14 }

测试用例代码:

01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class
02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
03  
04     @Test 
05     @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class
06     public void testCallPrivateMethod() throws Exception { 
07  
08        ClassUnderTest underTest = PowerMockito.mock(ClassUnderTest.class); 
09  
10        PowerMockito.when(underTest.callPrivateMethod()).thenCallRealMethod(); 
11  
12        PowerMockito.when(underTest, "isExist").thenReturn(true);
13    
14        Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callPrivateMethod());
15   
16     }
17 }

说明:和Mock普通方法一样,只是需要加注解@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class),注解里写的类是私有方法所在的类。

(6) Mock系统类的静态和final方法

测试目标代码:

01 public class ClassUnderTest {
02  
03     public boolean callSystemFinalMethod(String str) {
04  
05         return str.isEmpty(); 
06  
07     
08  
09     public String callSystemStaticMethod(String str) {
10   
11         return System.getProperty(str); 
12  
13     }
14 }

测试用例代码:

01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class
02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
03  
04   @Test 
05   @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class
06   public void testCallSystemStaticMethod() { 
07  
08       ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
09  
10       PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class); 
11  
12       PowerMockito.when(System.getProperty("aaa")).thenReturn("bbb");
13    
14       Assert.assertEquals("bbb", underTest.callJDKStaticMethod("aaa")); 
15  
16   
17 }

说明:和Mock普通对象的静态方法、final方法一样,只不过注解@PrepareForTest里写的类不一样 ,注解里写的类是需要调用系统方法所在的类。

六 、无所不能的PowerMock

(1) 验证静态方法:

PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
       Static.firstStaticMethod(param);

(2) 扩展验证:

PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(2)); //  被调用2次                                Static.thirdStaticMethod(Mockito.anyInt()); // 以任何整数值被调用

(3) 更多的Mock方法

http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13

七、PowerMock简单实现原理

•  当某个测试方法被注解@PrepareForTest标注以后,在运行测试用例时,会创建一个新的org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader实例,然后加载该测试用例使用到的类(系统类除外)。

•   PowerMock会根据你的mock要求,去修改写在注解@PrepareForTest里的class文件(当前测试类会自动加入注解中),以满足特殊的mock需求。例如:去除final方法的final标识,在静态方法的最前面加入自己的虚拟实现等。

•   如果需要mock的是系统类的final方法和静态方法,PowerMock不会直接修改系统类的class文件,而是修改调用系统类的class文件,以满足mock需求。

楼主代码:

package com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.util;import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.ResponseResult;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.Syssubp;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SubscribeService;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SyssubpService;@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class SubscribeUtilTest{ private Syssubp disp;
private Syssubp fromdisp;
private Syssubp nonSubscribedsubp;
private Syssubp subscribedsubp; private SubscribeService subscribeService; private SyssubpService syssubpService; private SubscribeUtil subscribeUtil; @Before
public void init() throws Exception{
disp=fillInsubp();
fromdisp=dispsubp();
nonSubscribedsubp=getNonSubscribedLocalsubp();
subscribedsubp=getSubscribedLocalsubp(); syssubpService=PowerMockito.mock(SyssubpService.class);
List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
List<Syssubp> nonEmptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
nonEmptyLocalList.add(nonSubscribedsubp);
PowerMockito.doReturn(nonEmptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query");
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"update",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"save",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"deleteById",Mockito.anyInt()); subscribeService=PowerMockito.mock(SubscribeService.class);
PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"subscribe",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"deletesubp",Mockito.anyInt());
PowerMockito.when(subscribeService,"getAllsubps").thenReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()); subscribeUtil=PowerMockito.spy(new SubscribeUtil());
subscribeUtil.setSubscribeService(subscribeService);
subscribeUtil.setsubpService(syssubpService);
} @Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testSubscribe() throws Exception { String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse"; ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200); PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class)); ResponseResult resp=subscribeUtil.subscribe(nonSubscribedsubp); assertEquals(200, resp.getStatus()); } @Test
public void testUpdatesubpLocally() throws JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException{ subscribeUtil.updatesubp(nonSubscribedsubp);
} @Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testUpdatesubpdisply() throws Exception{ ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200); String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class)); subscribeUtil.updatesubp(subscribedsubp);
} @Test
public void testDeletesubpLocally() throws Exception{
PowerMockito.doReturn(nonSubscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
}
@Test
@PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
public void testDeletesubpdisply() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200); PowerMockito.doReturn(subscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class)); subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
} @Test
@PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
public void testSyncdispWhenLocalNonEmpty() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class)); List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp); PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList); subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
} @Test
@PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
public void testSyncdispWhenLocalEmpty() throws Exception{
ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
result.setStatus(200);
String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class)); List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp);
dispList.add(fromdisp); PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList); List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
PowerMockito.doReturn(emptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query"); subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
} private Syssubp fillInsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
return syssubp;
}
private Syssubp getNonSubscribedLocalsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setApp_name("app");
syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setId(100);
return syssubp;
}
private Syssubp getSubscribedLocalsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setApp_name("app");
syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setId(100);
syssubp.setStatus(true);
syssubp.setUpdate_time(new Date());
syssubp.setsubpId(100);
return syssubp;
} private Syssubp dispsubp() {
Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
syssubp.setUsername("");
syssubp.setPassword("");
syssubp.setsubpId(100);
return syssubp;
}
}
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