nmap概念及功能
概念
NMap，也就是Network Mapper，最早是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。
nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件，用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端，并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统（这是亦称 fingerprinting）。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一，以及用以评估网络系统安全。
正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具，nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客（又称脚本小子）爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器，但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定，从而计划攻击的方法。
Nmap 常被跟评估系统漏洞软件Nessus 混为一谈。Nmap 以隐秘的手法，避开闯入检测系统的监视，并尽可能不影响目标系统的日常操作。
Nmap 在黑客帝国(The Matrix)中，连同SSH1的32位元循环冗余校验漏洞，被崔妮蒂用以入侵发电站的能源管理系统。
功能
基本功能有三个，一是探测一组主机是否在线；其次是扫描 主机端口，嗅探所提供的网络服务；还可以推断主机所用的操作系统 。Nmap可用于扫描仅有两个节点的LAN，直至500个节点以上的网络。Nmap 还允许用户定制扫描技巧。通常，一个简单的使用ICMP协议的ping操作可以满足一般需求；也可以深入探测UDP或者TCP端口，直至主机所 使用的操作系统；还可以将所有探测结果记录到各种格式的日志中， 供进一步分析操作。
进行ping扫描，打印出对扫描做出响应的主机,不做进一步测试(如端口扫描或者操作系统探测)：
nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/
仅列出指定网络上的每台主机，不发送任何报文到目标主机：
nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/
探测目标主机开放的端口，可以指定一个以逗号分隔的端口列表(如-PS22，23，25，80)：
nmap -PS 192.168.1.234
使用UDP ping探测主机：
nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/
使用频率最高的扫描选项：SYN扫描,又称为半开放扫描，它不打开一个完全的TCP连接，执行得很快：
nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/
nmap安装
本文以linux Ubuntu16.04为例，最后主要用python操作
1. 先安装nmap
sudo apt-get install nmap
2.再安装python-nmap
sudo pip install python-nmap
安装完之后python导入nmap测试验证是否成功
root@LiDebin:~# python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import nmap
python操作nmap
1.简单的小案例
创建PortScanner实例，然后扫描159.239.210.26这个IP的20-443端口。
import nmapnm = nmap.PortScanner()
ret = nm.scan('115.239.210.26','')
print ret返回格式如下:
{'nmap': {'scanstats':
{'uphosts': '', 'timestr': 'Tue Oct 25 11:30:47 2016', 'downhosts': '', 'totalhosts': '', 'elapsed': '1.11'},
'scaninfo': {'tcp': {'services': '', 'method': 'connect'}}, 'command_line': 'nmap -oX - -p 20 -sV 115.239.210.26'},
'scan': {'115.239.210.26': {'status': {'state': 'up', 'reason': 'syn-ack'}, 'hostnames': [{'type': '', 'name': ''}],
'vendor': {}, 'addresses': {'ipv4': '115.239.210.26'},
'tcp': {20: {'product': '', 'state': 'filtered', 'version': '', 'name': 'ftp-data', 'conf': '', 'extrainfo': '',
'reason': 'no-response', 'cpe': ''}
}
}
}
}
2.内置方法：
还可以打印出简单的信息
import nmap
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
print nm.scaninfo()
# {u'tcp': {'services': u'20-443', 'method': u'syn'}}
print nm.command_line()
# u'nmap -oX - -p 20-443 -sV 115.239.210.26'
查看有多少个host
print nm.all_hosts()
# [u'115.239.210.26']
查看该host的详细信息
nm['115.239.210.26']
查看该host包含的所有协议
nm['115.239.210.26'].all_protocols()
查看该host的哪些端口提供了tcp协议
nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp']nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp'].keys()
查看该端口是否提供了tcp协议
nm['115.239.210.26'].has_tcp(21)
还可以像这样设置nmap执行的参数
nm.scan(hosts='192.168.1.0/24', arguments='-n -sP -PE -PA21,23,80,3389')
更多操作请进官网http://xael.org/pages/python-nmap-en.html
实验案例
检测内网机器端口
1.定义函数库mytools.py
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
def sendemail(sender,receiver,subject,content,smtpserver,smtpuser,smtppass):
msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = '<%s>' % sender
msg['To'] = ";".join(receiver)
try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.login(smtpuser, smtppass)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
except Exception,e:
print e
2. 实现端口扫描的程序，单线程版本nmscan.py
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sysreload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')def nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist):
p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$") if type(hostlist) != list:
help()
portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)
if not portmatch:
help()
l = []
for host in hostlist:
result = ''
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)
result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % (
host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])
try:
ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()
except KeyError, e:
if whitelist:
whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)
result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr
else:
result = result + "扫描结果正常，无暴漏端口"
for port in ports:
info = ''
if port not in whitelist:
info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong> '
else:
info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong> '
portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (
info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'],
tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])
result = result + portinfo
l.append([host, str(result)])
return ldef help():
print "Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')"if __name__ == "__main__":
hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']
portrange = '0-65535'
whitelist = [80, 443]
l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)
sender = '75501664@qq.com'
receiver = ['zhangyanlin8851@163.com', '877986976@qq.com']
subject = '服务器端口扫描'
smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
smtpuser = 'zhangyanlin8851@163.cn'
smtppass = 'linuxidc163'
mailcontent = ''
for i in range(len(l)):
mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]
tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)
3.多线程版本
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sys
from multiprocessing import Pool
from functools import partialreload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')def nmScan(host, portrange, whitelist):
p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")
# if type(hostlist) != list:
# help()
portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)
if not portmatch:
help() if host == '121.42.32.172':
whitelist = [25, ]
result = ''
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)
result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % (
host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])
try:
ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()
for port in ports:
info = ''
if port not in whitelist:
info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong> '
else:
info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong> '
portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (
info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'], tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])
result = result + portinfo
except KeyError, e:
if whitelist:
whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)
result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr
else:
result = result + "扫描结果正常，无暴漏端口"
return resultdef help():
print "Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')"
return Noneif __name__ == "__main__":
hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']
portrange = '0-65535'
whitelist = [80, 443]
l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)
sender = '75501664@qq.com'
receiver = ['zhangyanlin8851@163.com', '877986976@qq.com']
subject = '服务器端口扫描'
smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
smtpuser = 'zhangyanlin8851@163.cn'
smtppass = 'linuxidc163'
mailcontent = ''
for i in range(len(l)):
mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]
tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)
