一，配置文件
flask中的配置文件是一个flask.config.Config对象（继承字典）,默认配置为：
{
'DEBUG': get_debug_flag(default=False), 是否开启Debug模式
'TESTING': False, 是否开启测试模式
'PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS': None,
'PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION': None,
'SECRET_KEY': None,
'PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=31),
'USE_X_SENDFILE': False,
'LOGGER_NAME': None,
'LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY': 'always',
'SERVER_NAME': None,
'APPLICATION_ROOT': None,
'SESSION_COOKIE_NAME': 'session',
'SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN': None,
'SESSION_COOKIE_PATH': None,
'SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY': True,
'SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE': False,
'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST': True,
'MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH': None,
'SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT': timedelta(hours=12),
'TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS': False,
'TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS': False,
'EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING': False,
'PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME': 'http',
'JSON_AS_ASCII': True,
'JSON_SORT_KEYS': True,
'JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR': True,
'JSONIFY_MIMETYPE': 'application/json',
'TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD': None,
}
方式一：
app.config['DEBUG'] = True PS： 由于Config对象本质上是字典，所以还可以使用app.config.update(...)方式二：
app.config.from_pyfile("python文件名称")
如：
settings.py
DEBUG = True app.config.from_pyfile("settings.py") app.config.from_envvar("环境变量名称")
环境变量的值为python文件名称名称，内部调用from_pyfile方法 app.config.from_json("json文件名称")
JSON文件名称，必须是json格式，因为内部会执行json.loads app.config.from_mapping({'DEBUG':True})
字典格式 app.config.from_object("python类或类的路径") app.config.from_object('pro_flask.settings.TestingConfig') settings.py class Config(object):
DEBUG = False
TESTING = False
DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:' class ProductionConfig(Config):
DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo' class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
DEBUG = True class TestingConfig(Config):
TESTING = True PS: 从sys.path中已经存在路径开始写 PS: settings.py文件默认路径要放在程序root_path目录，如果instance_relative_config为True，则就是instance_path目录
案例1
from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object("settings.DevelopmentConfig")
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
class Config(object):
DEBUG = False
TESTING = False
DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:'class ProductionConfig(Config):
DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo'class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
DEBUG = Falseclass TestingConfig(Config):
TESTING = True
2. URL 反向解析
from flask import Flask,url_forapp = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object("settings.DevelopmentConfig")
# @app.route('/')
# def hello_world():
# return 'Hello World!'# 1. index函数路由
@app.route("/index",endpoint="n1") #<string:xx><default:xx> <xxx> 都表示字符串
def index():
print(id)
return "hello"#2. order 函数路由
@app.route("/order",endpoint="n2")
def order():
print("order")
return "hello"#3. user 函数路由
@app.route("/user")
def user():
print(url_for("n1")) #打印结果 /index
print(url_for("n2")) #打印结果 /order
#endport ，为url起别名，根据别名可以反向生成url
return 'hello11'if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
3.路由系统
三、路由系统@app.route('/user/<username>')
@app.route('/post/<int:post_id>')
@app.route('/post/<float:post_id>')
@app.route('/post/<path:path>')
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
常用路由系统有以上五种，所有的路由系统都是基于一下对应关系来处理：DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
'default': UnicodeConverter,
'string': UnicodeConverter,
'any': AnyConverter,
'path': PathConverter,
'int': IntegerConverter,
'float': FloatConverter,
'uuid': UUIDConverter,
}
def auth(func):
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
print('before')
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print('after')
return result return inner @app.route('/index.html',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='index')
@auth
def index():
return 'Index' 或 def index():
return "Index" self.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"])
or
app.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"])
app.view_functions['index'] = index 或
def auth(func):
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
print('before')
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print('after')
return result return inner class IndexView(views.View):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [auth, ] def dispatch_request(self):
print('Index')
return 'Index!' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint 或 class IndexView(views.MethodView):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [auth, ] def get(self):
return 'Index.GET' def post(self):
return 'Index.POST' app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint @app.route和app.add_url_rule参数：
rule, URL规则
view_func, 视图函数名称
defaults=None, 默认值,当URL中无参数，函数需要参数时，使用defaults={'k':'v'}为函数提供参数
endpoint=None, 名称，用于反向生成URL，即： url_for('名称')
methods=None, 允许的请求方式，如：["GET","POST"] strict_slashes=None, 对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求，
如：
@app.route('/index',strict_slashes=False)，
访问 http://www.xx.com/index/ 或 http://www.xx.com/index均可
@app.route('/index',strict_slashes=True)
仅访问 http://www.xx.com/index
redirect_to=None, 重定向到指定地址
如：
@app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>')
或
def func(adapter, nid):
return "/home/888"
@app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to=func)
subdomain=None, 子域名访问
from flask import Flask, views, url_for app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'wupeiqi.com:5000' @app.route("/", subdomain="admin")
def static_index():
"""Flask supports static subdomains
This is available at static.your-domain.tld"""
return "static.your-domain.tld" @app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>")
def username_index(username):
"""Dynamic subdomains are also supported
Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic"""
return username + ".your-domain.tld" if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
注册路由原理
4 .文件上传
@app.route("/upload",methods=["GET","POST"])
def upload():
if request.method =="GET":
return render_template("upload.html") from werkzeug.datastructures import FileStorage
file =request.files.get("ff")
print("file是什么：",file,"file类型：",type(file))
print("file_name:",file.filename)
print("file_stream:",file.stream)
#方法一、
file_path =os.path.join('upload',file.filename)
print(file_path)
with open(file_path,"wb") as f:
file.save(f) #方法二、
file.save(file_path) 直接保存文件路径.
return "上传成功"if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
输出结果：
html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>upload</title>
</head>
<body><form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="ff"> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body>
</html>
5、 请求和相应.
复制代码
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import render_template
from flask import redirect
from flask import make_response app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/login.html', methods=['GET', "POST"])
def login(): # 请求相关信息
# request.method
# request.args
# request.form
# request.values
# request.cookies
# request.headers
# request.path
# request.full_path
# request.script_root
# request.url
# request.base_url
# request.url_root
# request.host_url
# request.host
# request.files
# obj = request.files['the_file_name']
# obj.save('/var/www/uploads/' + secure_filename(f.filename)) # 响应相关信息
# return "字符串"
# return render_template('html模板路径',**{})
# return redirect('/index.html') # response = make_response(render_template('index.html'))
# response是flask.wrappers.Response类型
# response.delete_cookie('key')
# response.set_cookie('key', 'value')
# response.headers['X-Something'] = 'A value'
# return response return "内容" if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
6. flask-session
