在views里边，怎么导入局部配置和全局配置
from s18day24 import settings
#这样导入的是仅仅用户自定义的配置from django.conf import settings
#这样导入的是全局的配置，包含用户自己定义的配置和内部自带的配置
装饰器怎么写：
装饰器有一个模板，
先定义一个函数,内层再定义一个函数，然后直接将函数名返回。
函数里边写功能，最后return返回回去
模板：
def auth(func):
def inner (request,*args,**kwargs):
response = func (request,*args,**kwargs)
return response
return innerdef auth(func):
def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
# 在执行视图函数之前
user_info = request.session.get(settings.USER_SESSION_KEY)
if not user_info:
return redirect('/login/')
# 执行视图函数
response = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
return response
return inner
中间件：
装饰器对于一个功能来说，能够做到很好的调节，但是对于某些功能来说，例如验证。
如果功能都需要用到它， 改动起来会比较麻烦。所以这时候我们可以利用中间件。
Django的请求周期：
请求过来路由系统，然后做url的匹配，当匹配成功了以后做路由分发执行视图函数，然后执行视图函数取数据等一系列操作，最后将网页字符串返回给用户。
中间件就是在路由系统前面加的一些规则（类）。
django中间件必须知道的图：
process_request：
#先正常执行request process_views:
#先正常执行request，不执行后边的路由系统，然后先执行views，最后执行路由系统 process_expection：
#异常时执行 process_response:
#先正常执行request，然后先执行views，然后执行response,最后执行路由系统 process_template_response:
#视图返回的对象中有render方法
网页有一个模板，写新网页的时候直接继承过来，改想改的内容就可以：
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<style></style>
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head><body>
{% block body %}{% endblock %}
</body><script></script>
{% block body %}{% endblock %}</html>#继承时写上继承哪个网页
{% extends "layout.html" %}
#然后后边修改某些模块就可以了
写一个分页的模块：
新建一个目录utils,然后在下面写一个pager.py文件：
"""
分页组件：
使用方法：
视图函数：
from utils.pager import Pagination
def host(request):
all_count = models.Host.objects.all().count()
# page_obj = Pagination(request.GET.get('page'),all_count,'/host/')
page_obj = Pagination(request.GET.get('page'),all_count,request.path_info)
host_list = models.Host.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
return render(request,'host.html',{'host_list':host_list,'page_html': page_obj.page_html()})
HTML：
<style>
.pager a{
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px 5px;
margin: 3px;
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
}
.pager a.active{
background-color: cadetblue;
color: white;
} </style> <div class="pager">
{{ page_html}}
</div>"""from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
class Pagination(object):
def __init__(self,current_page,total_count,base_url, per_page_count=,max_pager_num=):
"""
:param current_page: 用户请求的当前页
:param per_page_count: 每页显示的数据条数
:param total_count: 数据库中查询到的数据总条数
:param max_pager_num: 页面上最多显示的页码
"""
self.base_url = base_url
total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, per_page_count)
if div:
total_page_count += self.total_page_count = total_page_count
try:
current_page = int(current_page)
except Exception as e:
current_page =
if current_page > total_page_count:
current_page = total_page_count self.current_page = current_page
self.per_page_count = per_page_count
self.total_count = total_count
self.max_pager_num = max_pager_num
self.half_max_pager_num = int(max_pager_num/) @property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page - ) * self.per_page_count @property
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page_count def page_html(self):
page_html_list = [] if self.current_page <= :
prev = "<a href='#'>上一页</a>"
else:
prev = "<a href='%s?page=%s'>上一页</a>" % (self.base_url,self.current_page - ,)
page_html_list.append(prev) max_pager_num =
half_max_pager_num = int(max_pager_num / ) # 数据总页数 < 页面上最大显示的页码个数
if self.total_page_count <= max_pager_num:
page_start =
page_end = self.total_page_count
else:
# 数据比较多，已经超过11个页码
# 如果当前页 <=,显示 -
if self.current_page <= half_max_pager_num:
page_start =
page_end = max_pager_num
else:
# 当前页 >=
if (self.current_page + ) > self.total_page_count:
page_end = self.total_page_count
# page_start = current_page -
page_start = self.total_page_count - max_pager_num +
else:
page_start = self.current_page - half_max_pager_num # 当前页 -
page_end = self.current_page + half_max_pager_num # 当前页 + for i in range(page_start, page_end + ):
if self.current_page == i:
tag = "<a class='active' href='%s?page=%s'>%s</a>" % (self.base_url,i, i,)
else:
tag = "<a href='%s?page=%s'>%s</a>" % (self.base_url,i, i,)
page_html_list.append(tag) # 下一页
if self.current_page >= self.total_page_count:
nex = "<a href='#'>下一页</a>"
else:
nex = "<a href='%s?page=%s'>下一页</a>" % (self.base_url,self.current_page + ,)
page_html_list.append(nex) return mark_safe("".join(page_html_list))
然后在views视图中写入函数：
def host(request):
all_count = models.Host.objects.all().order_by('-id').count()
# page_obj = Pagination(request.GET.get('page'),all_count,'/host/')
page_obj = Pagination(request.GET.get('page'),all_count,request.path_info)
host_list = models.Host.objects.all().order_by('-id')[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
return render(request,'host.html',{'host_list':host_list,'page_html': page_obj.page_html()})
前面的models里是这样定义的：
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(verbose_name='主机名',max_length=)
ip = models.CharField(max_length=)# ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol='both')
port = models.IntegerField()
user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo',default=)
dp = models.ManyToManyField(to="Department")
