05.django 搜索与过滤

django-filter

https://github.com/carltongibson/django-filter

https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/rest_framework.html

https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/ref/filters.html

https://github.com/carltongibson/django-filterpip install django-filterINSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django_filters',
]    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': (
        'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',    # 过滤功能
        'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',                  # 搜索功能
        'rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter',                # 排序功能
    ),

全局设置默认搜索，在需要搜索的地方加上对应的字段元组即可filter_fields = ('字段1','字段2')

    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer
    # filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filter_fields = ('name','letter')

一. 视图函数指定搜索 – 最简精确搜索配置方法

from django_filters import rest_framework as filtersclass ProductFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    ...from django_filters import rest_framework as filtersclass ProductList(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = Product.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ProductSerializer
    filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filterset_fields = ('category', 'in_stock')

二. 自定义搜索 – 精确搜索配置方法

• 1.定义一个 filter.py 文件

from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from idcs.models import Idc
from django.db.models import Qclass IdcFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    class Meta:
        model = Idc
        fields = ['name','letter']

• 2.在视图函数应用

    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer
    # filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
    # filter_fields = ('name','letter')
    filter_class = IdcFilter

三. 自定义搜索 – 单字段模糊搜索

from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from idcs.models import Idc
from django.db.models import Qclass IdcFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    name = filters.CharFilter(field_name="name", lookup_expr='icontains')    class Meta:
        model = Idc
        fields = ['name','letter']

四. 自定义搜索 – 多个字段模糊搜索 方法搜索

变量是前端传过来搜索的 key

from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from idcs.models import Idc
from django.db.models import Qclass IdcFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    name = filters.CharFilter(field_name="name", lookup_expr='icontains')
    contact = filters.CharFilter(method='by_contact')    def by_contact(self, queryset, name, value):
        # name  是要搜索的key value是搜索的value
        return queryset.filter(Q(phone__icontains=value)|Q(email__icontains=value))    class Meta:
        model = Idc
        fields = ['name','letter','contact']

总结

• 1.在 settings 设置全局视图搜索配置

    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': (
        'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',    # 过滤功能
        'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',                  # 搜索功能
        'rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter',                # 排序功能
    ),

• 2.每个视图里面指定精确搜索字段

filter_fields = ('name','letter')

• 3.模糊搜索使用自定义搜索

ORM

operators = {
        'exact': '= %s',
        'iexact': 'LIKE %s',
        'contains': 'LIKE BINARY %s',
        'icontains': 'LIKE %s',
        'regex': 'REGEXP BINARY %s',
        'iregex': 'REGEXP %s',
        'gt': '> %s',
        'gte': '>= %s',
        'lt': '< %s',
        'lte': '<= %s',
        'startswith': 'LIKE BINARY %s',
        'endswith': 'LIKE BINARY %s',
        'istartswith': 'LIKE %s',
        'iendswith': 'LIKE %s',
    }

search 与 ordering

• serchar 前端传回来的关键字是 search，重写 SEARCH_PARAM 覆盖
• ordering 前端传回来的关键字是 ordering，重写 ORDERING_PARAM 覆

from rest_framework import filters    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter)
    filter_class = GoodsFilter
    search_fields = ('name', 'goods_brief', 'goods_desc')
    ordering_fields = ('sold_num', 'shop_price')

'^' ：以xx字符串开始搜索
'=' ：完全匹配
'@' ：全文搜索（目前只支持Django的MySQL后端）
'$' ：正则表达式搜索

原始的搜索方法

from rest_framework import generics
class ArticleViewSet(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()  # 查询结果集
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer # 序列化类
    pagination_class = ArticlePagination   # 自定义分页会覆盖settings全局配置的    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = Article.objects.all()
        read_num = self.request.query_params.get('read_num', 0)  # 获取查询字段值
        if read_num:
            queryset = queryset.filter(read_num__gt=int(read_num))        return queryset