1. pwd – 打印当前工作目录
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# pwd
/root
2. cd – Change the shell working directory.
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# cd /usr/local[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd .[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd ..[root@VM_0_171_centos usr]# cd -/usr/local[root@VM_0_171_centos local]# cd[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
3. ls – list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
OPTIONS
-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)-i, --inode print the index number of each file--sort=WORDsort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v),extension (-X)-l use a long listing format-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
EXAMPLES
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -la /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 3月 16 20:18 .
drwxr-xr-x. 90 root root 4096 4月 4 23:32 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -lr /etc/yum.repos.d/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1410 3月 16 20:18 CentOS-Base.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# ls -i /etc/yum.repos.d/
458776 CentOS-Base.repo 458777 CentOS-Epel.repo
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
4. stat – display file or file system status
5. touch – change file timestamps
SYNOPSIS
touch [OPTION]... FILE...
特殊用法:不加选项时,则创建文件
OPTIONS
-a change only the access time -c, --no-create do not create any files(指定的文件路径不存在时不予创建)-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time(如果加了时间字符串则不使用当前时间)-h, --no-dereference 只作用于软链接而非链接文件-m change only the modification time-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time(如果加了时间戳则不使用当前时间)
EXAMPLES
6. mkdir – make directories
SYNOPSIS
mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
OPTIONS
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory-Z set SELinux security context of each created directory to the default type
EXAMPLES
7. mv – move (rename) files
移动文件或者重命名文件(在同一目录下移动即重命名)
-
1.mv 文件 文件|目录
-
2.mv 多个文件 目录(移动到目标目录下)
-
3.mv 目录 目录(移动到目标目录下)
SYNOPSIS
mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DESTmv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORYmv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
OPTIONS
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing fileIf you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file-v, --verbose explain what is being done-Z, --context set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
EXAMPLES
当前目录下有2个字目录mydir1,mydir2,mydir1中有a,b,c三个文件,mydir2中有d,e,f三个文件:
1.将mydir1/a移动至mydir2,文件名改为aa
2.将mydir2/aa移动至mydir1
3.将mydir1下的所有文件移动至mydir2
4.将mydir2及其下的所有文件移动至mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── a
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir1/a mydir2/aa
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir2/aa mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
│ ├── aa
│ ├── b
│ └── c
└── mydir2
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir1/* mydir2
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── mydir1
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── b
├── c
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# mv mydir2 mydir1
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# tree
.
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
└── mydir1
└── mydir2
├── aa
├── b
├── c
├── d
├── e
└── f
2 directories, 7 files
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]#
8. cp – copy files and directories
SYNOPSIS
cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DESTcp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORYcp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
OPTIONS
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also used)-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE-l, --link hard link files instead of copying-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option)-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps-c deprecated, same as --preserve=context--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY-R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively--sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file-u, --updatecopy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing-v, --verbose explain what is being done-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system-Z set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
EXAMPLES
用法与mv类似
9. rm – remove files or directories
删除文件或目录
SYNOPSIS
rm [OPTION]... FILE...
OPTIONS
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt-i prompt before every removal-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or when removing recursively; less intrusive than -i, while still giving protection against most mistakes-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively(递归)
EXAMPLES
rm -rf 文件或目录(习惯用法)
10. file – determine file type
识别文件类型,辨别文件编码格式。
它通过查看文件的头部信息获取文件类型,而不是像windows通过扩展名来确定文件类型,linux中文件名的后缀只是辅助识别文件类型(规范),并不能真正决定文件的类型。
EXAMPLES
[root@VM_0_171_centos ~]# file anaconda-ks.cfg
anaconda-ks.cfg: ASCII text