XML处理模块
xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议,跟json差不多,但json使用起来更简单,至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下,就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank updated="yes">2</rank>
<year updated_by="yunfei">2009</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
<neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
<info>
<population>90</population>
<size>960</size>
</info>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank updated="yes">5</rank>
<year updated_by="yunfei">2012</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank updated="yes">69</rank>
<year updated_by="yunfei">2012</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
<neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
</country>
</data>
xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的,在python中可以用以下模块操作xml :
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET #引用方法,重命名为ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
#print(root)
print(root.tag)#tag就是标签名<data># 遍历xml文档
for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib)
for i in child:
print(i.tag, i.text)# 只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
print(node.tag, node.text)
修改和删除xml文档内容:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()# 修改
for node in root.iter('year'):
new_year = int(node.text) + 1#转为int型后加1
node.text = str(new_year)
node.set("updated_by", "yunfei")#加一个属性tree.write("xmltest.xml")# 删除node
for country in root.findall('country'):#找出所有的country,循环country
rank = int(country.find('rank').text)#找出country下的rank的text
if rank > 50:
root.remove(country)#移除此countrytree.write('output.xml')#结果放在output.xml里
创建xml文件:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETnew_xml = ET.Element("personinfolist")
personinfo = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"})
name = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "name")
age = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "sex")
name.text='yunfei'
age.text = '24'
sex.text='男'personinfo2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo2", attrib={"enrolled": "no"})
name = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "name")
age = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "age")
name.text='yuxia'
age.text = '19'
sex.text='女'et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) # 生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)ET.dump(new_xml) # 打印生成的格式
注:这是一篇学习笔记,大家多多指教。