WebService 简介
实际开发中,很多系统都是基于历史遗留系统进行开发,有时,这些系统基于不同的语言,如C,C++,C#,java,PHP等等。为了实现历史系统的再利用,或向外部程序暴露调用接口,于是就产生了WebService规范。WebService用于实现系统的透明访问,其最终目的:实现异构系统间通信。
单从Java方面考虑,实现WebService的方法有jdk1.6版本添加的JWS,Axis1/2,XFIRE,Celtix,CXF(Xfire和Celtix的整合)。
综合来看Axis1,Xfire,Celtix成熟但即将退出的版本。内置的JWS,Axis和CXF却也不是很成熟(哎,青黄不接)。
Apache Axis1实现WebService
当利用Java版Axis有两个途径,以Java码作为Web服务。最简单的一种是使用原生的jws(Java Web Service的文件)。另一种方法是使用定制的部署文件。定制部署让您能自选资源,什么要予以曝光。
第一种实现方式:即时发布
实现此功能需要借助 axis-1_4\webapps下的axis工程,将其部署到apache服务器webapps目录下。
原生的jws和java源代码的唯一区别是后缀名,当然采用这种方式也不能使用package进行打包.下面提供简单的原生jws和远程调用实现。
Hello.jws内容:
public class Hello
{
public String sayHello(String name)
{
StringBuffer greeting = new StringBuffer("Hello ");
if ( name != null )
{
greeting.append(name);
}
greeting.append(", nice to see you!");
return greeting.toString();
}
}
将Hello.jws文件放到apache服务器webapps/axis/目录下,启动服务器。
通过 http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws?wsdl 可以获得Hello.jws的WebService定义,内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws"
xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap"
xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws"
xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws"
xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)--> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdl:part name="name" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="Hello"> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello" parameterOrder="name"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="HelloSoapBinding" type="impl:Hello"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://DefaultNamespace" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="HelloService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloSoapBinding" name="Hello"> <wsdlsoap:address location="<span style="color:#FF0000;">http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws</span>"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>
至此,简单的Service端就部署成功了,接下来要通过一段程序对Hello.jws进行访问。
使用eclipse创建一个java project,并添加jar包,必须的jar包包括axis.jar;jaxrpc.jar;commons-loggin-1.x.jar;commons-discovery-0.x.jar
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;public class HelloClient {public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new HelloClient().sayHello("Han MeiMei"));
}public String sayHello(String name)
{
String result = null;
try
{
//1.设置远程访问链接
String url = "http://localhost:8080/axis/Hello.jws";
//2.获取Service对象
Service service = new Service();
//3.通过Service对象获取远程调用对象Call
Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
//4.设置远程调用桩
call.setTargetEndpointAddress(url);
//5.设置远程操作方法名
call.setOperationName(new QName(url, "sayHello"));
//6.设置参数,执行远程方法
result = (String)call.invoke(new Object[]{name});
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}return result;
}
}
执行结果如下:
May 19, 2014 2:11:40 PM org.apache.axis.utils.JavaUtils isAttachmentSupported
WARNING: Unable to find required classes (javax.activation.DataHandler and javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart). Attachment support is disabled.
<span style="color:#FF0000;">Hello Han MeiMei, nice to see you!</span>
第二种实现方式:定制发布
第一种发布方式比较快捷,发布方式简单,但有以下缺点:
1.必须要有源文件,同时不能包含package结构
2.发布之后所有方法均开放,不可控制
针对以上缺点,axis提供定制发布方式,具体步骤如下:
编写Hello.java类
package com.webservice.wsdd;public class Hello
{
public String sayHello(String name)
{
StringBuffer greeting = new StringBuffer("Hello ");
if(name != null)
{
greeting.append(name);
}
greeting.append(",nice to see you!");
return greeting.toString();
}
public int add(int a,int b)
{
return a + b;
}
}
使用命令行进行编译,得到class文件(包括包)
javac -d ./ Hello.java
将com包所有内容拷贝到apache服务器webapps/axis/WEB-INF/classes下。
编写hello.wsdd配置文件,放置到webapps/axis/WEB-INF/classes/com下 WSDD文档具体意义可查看Axis WSDD文件参考文档
<deployment name="test" xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/"
xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
<!--Service name:服务名称,自己确定-->
<service name="Hello" provider="java:RPC">
<!--parameter
className:类路径及名称
allowedMethods:可以指定方法名,也可以使用×代表全部
-->
<parameter name="className" value="com.webservice.wsdd.Hello" />
<!-- 定制方法,此处指定制sayHello方法 -->
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="sayHello" />
</service></deployment><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong></strong></span>
启动服务器,进入到hello.wsdd位置,使用命令生成server-config.wsdd配置文件
java org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient hello.wsdd --需要自己配置classpath环境变量
生成的server-config.wsdd配置文件位于webapps/axis/WEB-INF/路径下,内容如下,如果不想生成,也可以拷贝一份放在该路径下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
<globalConfiguration>
<parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/>
<parameter name="disablePrettyXML" value="true"/>
<parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/>
<parameter name="attachments.Directory" value="E:\apache-tomcat-7.0.53\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\attachments"/>
<parameter name="dotNetSoapEncFix" value="true"/>
<parameter name="enableNamespacePrefixOptimization" value="false"/>
<parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/>
<parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/>
<parameter name="attachments.implementation" value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/>
<requestFlow>
<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
<parameter name="scope" value="session"/>
</handler>
<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
<parameter name="scope" value="request"/>
<parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/>
</handler>
</requestFlow>
</globalConfiguration>
<handler name="URLMapper" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/>
<handler name="LocalResponder" type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>
<handler name="Authenticate" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/>
<service name="AdminService" provider="java:MSG">
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="AdminService"/>
<parameter name="enableRemoteAdmin" value="false"/>
<parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.utils.Admin"/>
<namespace>http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/</namespace>
</service>
<service name="Version" provider="java:RPC">
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="getVersion"/>
<parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.Version"/>
</service>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"> <service name="Hello" provider="java:RPC">
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="sayHello"/>
<parameter name="className" value="com.webservice.wsdd.Hello"/>
</service></span>
<transport name="http">
<requestFlow>
<handler type="URLMapper"/>
<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/>
</requestFlow>
<parameter name="qs:list" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSListHandler"/>
<parameter name="qs:wsdl" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSWSDLHandler"/>
<parameter name="qs.list" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSListHandler"/>
<parameter name="qs.method" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSMethodHandler"/>
<parameter name="qs:method" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSMethodHandler"/>
<parameter name="qs.wsdl" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSWSDLHandler"/>
</transport>
<transport name="local">
<responseFlow>
<handler type="LocalResponder"/>
</responseFlow>
</transport>
</deployment>
使用http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello?wsdl 可以查看WebService描述,内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)--> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdl:part name="in0" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="Hello"> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello" parameterOrder="in0"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="HelloSoapBinding" type="impl:Hello"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://wsdd.webservice.com" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="HelloService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloSoapBinding" name="Hello"> <wsdlsoap:address location="<span style="color:#FF0000;">http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Hello</span>"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>
此时定制服务发布完成。
访问方式只需把第一步的访问链接替换成上面红字部分即可
补充:开发中,有时候需要通过WebService传递对象,此时的处理方式与上述方法又有不同
Axis处理对象参数/返回值
编写Question.java和Answer.java 注意:Bean对象一定要实现Serializable接口。
package com.webservice.wsdd;import java.io.Serializable;@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Question implements Serializable
{
private int id;private String question;private String answer;public void setId(int id)
{
this.id = id;
}public int getId()
{
return this.id;
}public void setQuestion(String question)
{
this.question = question;
}public String getQuestion()
{
return this.question;
}public void setAnswer(String answer)
{
this.answer = answer;
}public String getAnswer()
{
return this.answer;
}
}
package com.webservice.wsdd;public class Answer
{
public Question answerQuestion(Question question)
{
Question tmp = question;doRead(tmp);
tmp.setAnswer("do not know the answer!");return tmp;
}private void doRead(Question question)
{
System.out.println("read question:"+question.getQuestion());
}
}
编译后放到服务器classes目录下,在server-config.wsdd中注册服务,较之前多了红字部分。
<service name="Answer" provider="java:RPC">
<parameter name="className" value="com.webservice.wsdd.Answer"/>
<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
<span style="color:#FF0000;"><!--
qname:自定义bean名称
xmlns:自定义的xml命名空间,xmlns冒号后面部分取自qname属性,必须要有,否则报错
languageSpecificType:语言类型及类路径
-->
<beanMapping
qname="bean:Question"
xmlns:bean="BeanManger"
languageSpecificType="java:com.webservice.wsdd.Question"
/></span>
</service>
启动服务器,服务发布成功。可以在 http://localhost:8080/axis/servlet/AxisServlet
下查看到该服务
客户端代码QuestionClient.java
package com.client;import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode;import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
import org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanDeserializerFactory;
import org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanSerializerFactory;import com.webservice.wsdd.Question;public class QuestionClient {public static void main(String[] args) {
Question question = new Question();
question.setQuestion("先有鸡还是先有蛋!");new QuestionClient().askAndAnswer(question);
}/**
* @param question
*/
public void askAndAnswer(Question question)
{
String url = "http://localhost:8080/axis/services/Answer";
Service service = new Service();try
{
Call call = (Call)service.createCall();call.setTargetEndpointAddress(url);//注册Bean及序列化和反序列化工程映射关系
QName qname = new QName("bean:BeanManger","Question");
call.registerTypeMapping(Question.class, qname,
new BeanSerializerFactory(Question.class, qname),
new BeanDeserializerFactory(Question.class, qname)
);
call.setOperationName(new QName(url, "answerQuestion"));
call.setReturnClass(Question.class);//设置调用方法的参数
call.addParameter("question", qname, ParameterMode.IN);Question tmp = (Question)call.invoke(new Object[]{question});if(tmp!=null)
{
System.out.println("Question:"+tmp.getQuestion());
System.out.println("Answer:"+tmp.getAnswer());
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
执行结果:
Question:先有鸡还是先有蛋!
Answer:do not know the answer!
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