一、使用django实现之定义分页
1、自定义分页在django模板语言中，通过a标签实现;
2、前段a标签使用<a href=”/user_list/?page=1″>1</a>,将page的值传送到函数/user_list/中，后端在user_list中通过request.GET.get(‘page’,1)获取当前页;
3、从数据库中获取特定行的数据，使用result = models.UserList.objects.all()[start:end]获取,start和end分别表示开始和结束的行;
3、自定义分页显示到模板语言中的html/css/js的字符串，在django view中，通过python字符串拼接生成;
4、获取分页的起始页，结束页，以及当前页居中等功能，抽象出来，放到一个类中实现;
5、Django默认认为返回给前段的字符串是不安全的(XSS)，所有直接返回的html中，会显示为原始的字符串,可以通过在前段使用|safe或者在后端使用后make_safe实现将字符串能够让浏览器进行解析;
6、分页优化需要考虑:让当前页居中，增加上一页和下一页功能；
#-*- coding:utf- -*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from app01 import models
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe# Create your views here.class Pager(object):
def __init__(self,current_page):
self.current_page = int(current_page)
@property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page -)* @property
def end(self):
return self.current_page* def page_str(self,all_item,base_url):
all_page,div = divmod(all_item,)
if div>:
all_page+= pager_list = [] if all_page <=: #分页功能优化，将当前页居中,并且从1开始
start =
end = all_page
else:
if self.current_page <=:
start =
end =
else:
start = self.current_page-
end = self.current_page +
if self.current_page + >all_page:
start =all_page -
end = all_page +
for i in range(start,end): #让当前页永远居中
if i == self.current_page:
temp = '<a style="color:red;font-size:26px;" href="%s%d" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%d</a>' %(base_url,i,i)
else:
temp = '<a href="%s%d" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%d</a>' %(base_url,i,i)
pager_list.append(temp) #增加上一页和下一页功能
#上一页
if self.current_page >:
pre_page = '<a href="%s%d" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >上一页</a>' %(base_url,self.current_page-)
else:
pre_page = '<a href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >上一页</a>' if self.current_page >=all_page:
next_page = '<a href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >下一页</a>'
else:
next_page = '<a href="%s%d" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >下一页</a>' %(base_url,self.current_page+)
pager_list.insert(,pre_page)
pager_list.append(next_page)
return mark_safe("".join(pager_list)) #在后端标记html是安全的，前端标记为安全的使用page_str|safedef user_list(request):
# for item in range(,):
# temp = {'username':"name %d" %item,'age':item}
# models.UserList.objects.create(**temp)
print models.UserList.objects.all().count()
#每页显示10条
#向用户显示页数
current_page = request.GET.get('page',)
# print current_page
# current_page = int(current_page)
# start = (current_page-)*
# end = current_page*
# result = models.UserList.objects.all()[start:end]
page_obj = Pager(current_page)
result = models.UserList.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
print result.query #对应的sql语句
all_item = models.UserList.objects.all().count()
# all_page,div = divmod(all_item,)
# if div>:
# all_page+=
#
# pager_str = ""
# for i in range(,all_page+):
# temp = '<a href="/user_list/?page=%d" rel="external nofollow" >%d</a>' %(i,i)
# pager_str +=temp
pager_str = page_obj.page_str(all_item,"/user_list/?page=")
return render(request,'user_list.html',{'result':result,'pager_str':pager_str})
模板语言文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>
a{
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
{% for line in result %}
<tr>
<td>{{ line.username }}</td>
<td>{{ line.age }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table> <div>
{# <a href="/user_list/?page=1" rel="external nofollow" ></a>#}
{# <a href="/user_list/?page=2" rel="external nofollow" ></a>#}
{# <a href="/user_list/?page=3" rel="external nofollow" ></a>#}
{# <a href="/user_list/?page=4" rel="external nofollow" ></a>#}
{# {{ pager_str|safe }}#}
{{ pager_str }}
{# 一般对于返回到网页的字符串，django认为是不安全的，为了防止xss攻击，会将返回的字符串不作解析，以原始字符串的格式返回，使用safe表示我们认为返回的字符串是安全的，可以被浏览器解析#}
</div>
</body>
</html>
二、Bottle
1、只有一个文件，但是至少依赖于两个部件:wsgi和模板引擎;
2、只有在运行时依赖别的模块;
三、Flask
Flask有很多现成的插件可以使用,但是没有自己的模板引擎和wsgi，需要依赖于其他的模本引擎;
四、Tarnado
支持异步非阻塞，见下图
五、自定义Form表单
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf- -*-import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
from hashlib import sha1
import os, time
import reclass MainForm(object):
def __init__(self):
self.host = "(.*)"
self.ip = "^(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}$"
self.port = '(\d+)'
self.phone = '^1[3|4|5|8][0-9]\d{8}$' def check_valid(self, request):
#request，用户提交的表单
form_dict = self.__dict__ #获取对象的所有字段
#{host:"","ip":""}
for key, regular in form_dict.items():
post_value = request.get_argument(key) #获取用户传过来的参数
# 让提交的数据 和 定义的正则表达式进行匹配
ret = re.match(regular, post_value)
print key,ret,post_value
if not ret:
return False
return Trueclass MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.render('index.html',name='Chales')
def post(self, *args, **kwargs): #获取用户form表中的数据，然后验证
obj = MainForm()
#验证通过
result = obj.check_valid(self)
print result
self.write('ok')settings = {
'template_path': 'template',
'static_path': 'static',
'static_url_prefix': '/static/',
}application = tornado.web.Application([
(r"/index", MainHandler),
], **settings)if __name__ == "__main__":
application.listen()
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
{{name}}
<h1>hello</h1>
<form action="/index" method="post"> <p>hostname: <input type="text" name="host" /> </p>
<p>ip: <input type="text" name="ip" /> </p>
<p>port: <input type="text" name="port" /> </p>
<p>phone: <input type="text" name="phone" /> </p>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
六、如何在自定义的脚本中调用model
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = "charles"import osos.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"]="s12crm.settings"
import djangodjango.setup()from crm.models import UserProfile
entry = UserProfile.objects.last()print entry
