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技术 2022年11月15日
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(一)ICMP

IP是一个尽力的不可靠的协议,IP不能提供差错控制(如果数据在传播过程中出现错误了),这个时候ICMP就起作用了。

ICMP提供两个功能:差错的报告,查询。

ICMP的ICMP包分为两类,一个是差错报文,一个是查询报文。

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" alt="" />

ICMP目标不可达:即没办法将IP数据包发送到对应的目标地址,然后路由器会发一个ICMP给源主机,告诉他目标不可达的原因。

ICMP源抑制:当主机发送数据到另一主机时,如果速度达到路由器或者链路的饱和状态,路由器发出一个 ICMP 源抑制消息。

ICMP 重定向消息:如果路由器发现发送端主机使用次优的路径发送数据时,那么这个路由器会发一个ICMP给主机,说有一个更好的路径,这个消息包含了最合适的路由信息和源数据。

ICMP 超时消息:IP 数据包中有一个字段 TTL(Time to live,生存周期),它的值随着每经过一个路由器就会减 1,直到减到 0 时该 IP 数据包被丢弃。此时,IP 路由器将发送一个 ICMP 超时消息给发送端主机,并通知该包已被丢弃。

ICMP 回送消息:用于进行通信的主机或路由之间,判断发送数据包是否成功到达对端的消息。可以向对端主机发送回送请求消息,也可以接收对端主机回来的回送应答消息。

Ping程序

Ping程序主要是利用了ICMP回显请求报文,和回显应答报文来测试目标主机是否可达。它是一个检查系统连接性的基本诊断工具。

ICMP 回显请求和 ICMP 回显应答报文是配合工作的。当源主机向目标主机发送了 ICMP 回显请求数据包后,它期待着目标主机的回答。目标主机在收到一个 ICMP 回显请求数据包后,它会交换源、目的主机的地址,然后将收到的 ICMP 回显请求数据包中的数据部分原封不动地在自己的 ICMP 回显应答数据包中,然后发回给发送 ICMP 回显请求的一方。如果校验正确,发送者便认为目标主机的回显服务正常,也即物理连接畅通。

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Struts的使用
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日期:2022-11-24 点赞:671 阅读:4,781