【Linux】1 创建目录：mkdir

mkdir命令用于创建目录，如同一路径下创建单个或多个目录、递归创建目录，但同路径下不能创建同名目录，且目录名区分大小写。

【命令】

mkdir

【用途】

【语法】

mkdir [选项]…目录名…

【示例】

　　切换到当前目录：/usr/local/linuxStudy，所有示例在此路径下操作。

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# pwd
/usr/local/linuxStudy

例1.创建单个目录dir1

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir dir1
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# ls
dir1

例2.一次创建多个目录：dir2，dir3

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir dir2 dir3
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# ls
dir1  dir2  dir3

例3.同路径下创建同名目录：dir1–>创建失败，同路径下不能创建同名目录

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir dir1
mkdir: cannot create directory `dir1': File exists

例4.-p参数，创建多层目录dir4/dir5（dir4目录不存在时，同时创建dir4、dir5目录；dir4目录存在时，则只创建dir5目录）

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir dir4/dir5                           #未加-p参数，上层目录不存在时，创建目录失败
mkdir: cannot create directory `dir4/dir5': No such file or directory
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir -p dir4/dir5                        #-p：上层目录不存在时，同步创建
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# ls -R                                     #-R：递归列出当前目录下所有的目录、文件
.:
dir1  dir2  dir3  dir4./dir1:./dir2:./dir3:./dir4:
dir5./dir4/dir5:
[root@testserver linuxStudy]#

例5：-v参数，对于每个创建的目录，打印一条信息

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir -v dir6
mkdir: created directory `dir6'
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir -v dir7 dir8
mkdir: created directory `dir7'
mkdir: created directory `dir8'

例6.-m参数，创建目录的同时设置文件权限（同chmod命令）

[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir -m o-rw dir10  #创建dir10目录，other用户去掉rw权限
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir1
drwxrwx--x 2 root root 4096 May  9 15:08 dir10
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir2
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir3
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir4
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir6
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir7
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir8
drwxrwxrwx  root root  May   : dir9
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# mkdir -m  dir11  #创建dir11目录，设置user、group、other用户权限分别为5、1、1（读权限4，写权限2，执行权限1，用户具备多种权限时值相加）
[root@testserver linuxStudy]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir1
drwxrwx--x  root root  May   : dir10
dr-x--x--x 2 root root 4096 May  9 15:09 dir11
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir2
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir3
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir4
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir6
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir7
drwxr-xr-x  root root  May   : dir8
drwxrwxrwx  root root  May   : dir9

【帮助文档】

Linux环境下输入 man mkdir，查看find命令的帮助文档（ps：英文渣渣咬咬牙啃一啃帮助文档。不要偷懒，多看官方文档。注释部分为个人添加。）

[root@testserver local]# man mkdir
MKDIR()                         User Commands                        MKDIR()NAME
       mkdir - make directories   #创建目录SYNOPSIS
       mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...DESCRIPTION
       Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. #目录已存在时，创建目录失败       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.       -m, --mode=MODE
              set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask #设置文件权限，而不是默认权限a=rwx       -p, --parents
              no error if existing, make parent directories as needed  #父目录不存在时，创建所需的父目录       -v, --verbose
              print a message for each created directory #对每一个创建的目录打印1条信息       -Z, --context=CTX
              set the SELinux security context of each created directory to CTX       --help display this help and exit       --version
              output version information and exitAUTHOR
       Written by David MacKenzie.REPORTING BUGS
       Report mkdir bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report mkdir translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>COPYRIGHT
       Copyright   ©      Free   Software   Foundation,   Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU  GPL  version    or  later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permit-
       ted by law.SEE ALSO
       mkdir()       The  full  documentation for mkdir is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and mkdir programs are prop-
       erly installed at your site, the command              info coreutils 'mkdir invocation'       should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 8.4                November                         MKDIR()
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